“井”字里外各不同:区域社会史视野下北京香会的形成与分化

The Variant Characteristics of Incense Fair inside and outside of the Beijing City——A Study on the Formation and Differentiation of Incense Society in Beijing under the Perspective of Regional Social History

北京香会组织起源于佛教居士群体中邑会结社、朝山奉献的传统。此后,源自佛教的结社奉献的习俗融入道教和民间信仰的仪式活动中,并在此过程中结合了地域性的社火表演,形成了北京香会的最初形态。清代,随着旗人的参与,北京香会出现了"井"字里外的等级分化。井字里的香会通过旗人密集的关系网络连接起来,确立了"幡鼓齐动十三档"的特色和行香走会的规矩礼节。村落生活的自足性使得作为村落象征的井字外香会承担着信仰、娱乐与互助的多重功能。北京香会的分化及其地域特征的形成是多元文化交融的产物,亦是政治秩序对地方社会渗透的过程。

The incense societies presented a differentiation in and out the Chinese letter 'Jing'( 井) in Qing dynasty according to the location. The inside societies built connections with each other and formed the characteristic named 'thirteen kinds of which all of these pennants and drums are working',and also the strict rules. The outside societies bore the function of entertainment and mutual assistance. It's a result of the integration of multi- cultures,and also the process of the projection of imperial power- oriented political structure in local social life.