北魏的正统与汉化

The Legitimacy and Chinesization of North Wei Dynasty

北魏改国号,并不是为了与东晋争正统,而是与北方各胡族政权争夺正统地位。太武朝以崔浩为首的汉族士人所推行的汉化运动当然有与南方刘宋政权争正统的意思,但崔浩多次反对南伐却是希望与南方汉族政权搞好关系,维持现状,共同发展,从而为拓跋政权汉化争取时间。北魏正统观的发展经历了中原地域正统与汉民族正统两个阶段,《魏书·礼志一》所载北魏关于君臣五德历运的争论就是关于这两种正统观的争论,而这两种正统观正对应着北魏汉化的两个阶段。中原地域正统观向汉民族正统观转化是拓跋政权国策指导思想上的重大改变,表明拓跋皇朝汉化改革的全面深化。

The north Wei dynasty( 368- 534) changed its title to fight for the legitimate position with the nationality regimes in northern China. The development of conception of legitimacy underwent two periods—the legitimacy of the central region of China and Han nationality. This two conceptions correspond with the two stages of Chinesization of North Wei Dynasty. The change in conception of legitimacy from central region to Han nationality indicates the comprehensive deepening of the Chinesization reform of the Tuoba dynasty.