现代汉语时态之系统功能视角研究

Chinese Tense: A Systemic Functional Approach

汉语学界对于汉语时态的存在与否及其体现方式已进行了广泛的探讨,但其角度主要是传统语法。文章从系统功能视角对汉语时态系统及体现方式进行探讨,旨在呈现一个全面而系统的描述。研究表明:汉语中存在有标记和无标记即零形式的时态;有标记时态主要通过语法化手段、准语法化手段和词汇化手段来体现;而无标记时态的判断主要依据小句中谓体本身的意义,另外,语境也对时态的确立有重要作用。

Whether there is tense or not in Chinese has been widely discussed from the perspective of traditional grammar. This paper is intended to explore the Chinese tense system and its instantiation within the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics,and its aim is to present a relatively comprehensive and systematic description of tense in Chinese. This study shows that there is tense in Chinese,and that tense in Chinese falls into two types—one being marked in form and the other being unmarked in form. Marked Chinese tenses are realized by grammatical,quasi-grammatical and lexical resources,and the meanings of unmarked ones can be judged from the use of Predicator in the clause. In addition,context plays a role in judging tense.