育肥时间对延黄牛生长性能和肌肉品质的影响

Effects of Fattening Period on Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Yan-yellow Cattle

为明确育肥时间对延黄牛的生长性能和肌肉品质的影响,测量了延黄牛（阉牛）6,12,18,24,36月龄体重及体尺指标,比较了24月龄和36月龄的肉质性状。结果表明：随着育肥时间的延长,延黄牛体重、体高、体长、坐骨端宽和管围等体尺指标逐步提高,但体高、体长的增长幅度逐渐降低,体重、胸围、坐骨端宽、管围的最快增长期分别为18-24,6-12,12-18,6-12月龄。与24月龄延黄牛相比,36月龄个体眼肌面积显著增加（P〈0.05）,大理石花纹等级显著提高（P〈0.05）,背膘厚、粗脂肪含量、脂肪酸含量极显著增加（P〈0.01）,剪切力显著降低（P〈0.05）,精氨酸、甘氨酸、异亮氨酸、组氨酸、苯丙氨酸含量显著高于24月龄（P〈0.05）,赖氨酸和脯氨酸含量极显著高于24月龄（P〈0.01）。不同育肥时间对延黄牛体重、体尺、产肉性能、肌肉品质和营养价值具有显著影响,延黄牛育肥至36月龄其牛肉品质更优、营养价值更高。

In order to survey the effects of fattening period on growth performance and meat quality of Yan-yellow cattle（ steer）,body weight and body size indexes in different fattening periods（ 6,12,18,24 and 36-month-old） were measured,and meat quality indexes were compared between 24 and 36-month-old cattle. The results showed that body weight,body height,body length,sciatic wide and canno round were gradually improved with the increase of fattening period,and variability body height and body length were gradually decreased. The peak of growth rate of body weight,chest circumference,sciatic wide and canno round occurred at 18-24-,6-12-,12-18- and 6-12-month-old,respectively. Compared with the 24-month-old individuals,the 36-month-old Yan-yellow cattle had higher eye muscle area and marbling grade（ P〈0. 05）,higher back fat thickness and crude fat content（ P〈0. 01）,lower shear force（ P〈0. 05）,higher fatty acids and amino acids（ lysine and proline） content（ P〈0. 01）,and higher amino acid（ arginine,glycine,isoleucine,histidine,phenylalanine） content（ P〈0. 05）. In conclusion,fattening period had remarkable effect on body weight,body size indexes,meat performance,meat quality and nutritive value,and suitable slaughter age for Yan-yellow cattle was 36-month-old.