非编码RNAs在去势抵抗性前列腺癌中的研究进展

Non-coding RNAs in castration-resistant prostate cancer

非编码RNAs(ncRNAs)是一大类不编码蛋白的RNA分子,它们从多层面调控基因的表达,影响机体细胞的代谢、增殖、分化、凋亡和肿瘤的发生、发展。部分发挥癌基因作用的ncRNAs如miR-19a、miR-125b、miR-616、miR-7、miR-221、MALAT-1、PRNCR1等在去势抵抗性前列腺癌(CRPC)组织或细胞系中表达上调,促进CRPC的发生、发展;而另一部分发挥抑癌基因作用可抑制或延缓CRPC发生、发展的ncRNAs如miR-185、miR-342、miR-15、miR-16、miR-146等却表达下调;此外,部分ncRNAs如miR-7、miR-19a、miR-125b、miR-221、MALAT-1等在血清或组织中差异表达可作为CRPC早期诊断及预后判断的生物学标志物。本文就这些ncRNAs在CRPC发生、发展、诊断及预后中的作用及研究进展进行了综述。

Non-coding RNAs （ncRNAs） are a large class of RNA molecules that do not encode proteins, regulate gene expressions multifacetedly, and influence the metabolism, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of cells as well as the occurrence and progression of tumors. Some of the ncRNAs act as cancer genes, such as miR-19a, miR-125b, miR-616, miR-7, miR-221, MALAT-1, and PRNCR1, which are upregulated in castration-resistant prostate cancer （CRPC） tissues or cell lines, and promote the development and progression of CRPC, some act as tumor suppressor genes, including miR-185, miR-342, miR-15, miR-16, and miR-146, which are downregulated in CRPC tissues or cell lines and inhibit or delay the occurrence of CRPC, and still others, such as miR-7, miR- 19a, miR-125b, miR-221, and MALAT-1, are differentially expressed in the serum or tissue and can be used as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognosis of CRPC. This article presents an overview on the roles of ncRNAs in the occurrence, progression, diagnosis, and prognosis of CRPC and advances in their studies.