进与退、外与内的轨迹——杜牧诗文中的“山东”与“关中”

A Discussion on “Shandong”and “Guanzhong” in Du Mu's Poems and Prose

文章从杜牧诗文中提炼出"关中"与"山东"两个意象,以这两个意象为线索,追索杜牧的心路历程。"关中"与"山东"两意象体现为多种"落差":先辈打造的鼎盛的家族与自身颓败的境遇之间的落差;唐太宗、玄宗时期强盛的王朝与安史乱后衰弱的王朝之间的落差;昔日秦汉时繁华富有的长安与晚唐凋零衰落的长安之间的落差;自身的深谋远虑、政治才能之高与遭到朝廷冷落无视、现实地位之低的落差。"山东"意象是向外的、进取式的,是杜牧的政治才情在其诗文中的反映;"关中"乃至"樊川"意象则是向内的、守护式的,是杜牧的心灵之梦在其诗文中的反映。从"山东"与"关中"两个意象,我们能看到杜牧生命中内外两个世界,这两个世界骨肉相依,构成一个丰富的杜牧。

This paper aims to trace Du Mu ＇s process of ideological change by extracting two images- ＂Guanzhong＂ and ＂ Shandong＂ from his poems and prose and taking them as clues. As is found, ＂Guanzhong＂ and ＂Shandong＂, two key images recurrent alternatively in Du Mu＇ poems and prose, are demon- strative of many a ＂gap＂ ： the gap between the family heyday initiated by the family ancestors and his declining cir- cumstance, the gap between the mighty dynasties during the reign of Emperor Taizhong and Emperor Xuan Zhong and the weak dynasty in the wake of the Rebellion of An Lushan and Shi Siming, the gap between prosperous and wealthy Changhn during previous Qin and Han dynasties and the declining Chang ＇n in the late Tang Dynasty, and the gap between Du Mu＇ great foresight and statesmanship and his neglect by the then imperial court and his conse- quent low social status. If the image ＂Shandong＂ is extrovert＂ and aggressive, which embodies Du Mu＇ political talents and emotion in his poems and prose; the image ＂Guanzhong＂ and even ＂Fanchuan＂ is introvert and defen- sive, which mirrors his dream of the soul in his poems and prose. From the two images ＂Shandong＂ and ＂Guanzhong＂ can be discerned the external and internal world in Du Mu＇ life, which are interdependent upon each other, thus presenting a muhifaceted Du Mu.