深圳市市售食品中镉污染状况分析

Analysis on cadmium contamination of market-food in Shenzhen

目的了解深圳市市售食品镉污染状况,分析原因并提出控制措施,同时为深圳市居民镉的膳食暴露评估提供基础数据。方法随机采集深圳市售的4 360份食品样品,用ICP-MS检测食品中的重金属镉,检测结果按《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》(GB2762-2012)进行评价。结果粮食中米及米制品镉含量的超标率为2.30%;水产品镉污染最严重,超标率为9.49%(不含藻类);水产品中贝类的镉含量最高,中位数含量为0.570 mg/kg,超标率为29.82%;肉及肉制品镉含量的总超标率为3.06%,畜肉、畜肉肝脏和畜肉肾脏镉含量显著高于禽肉、禽肉肝脏和禽肉肾脏的镉含量;蔬菜及菌类食品中镉含量的超标率为1.23%;藻类食品镉污染检出率为92.31%,仅次于贝类重金属镉的检出率,镉最高含量为4.002 mg/kg,中位数为0.100 mg/kg。结论深圳各类食品的重金属镉污染不容乐观,应加强市场监管,严格控制不合格食品流入市场,同时应尽快将藻类食品镉限量指标明确纳入食品安全国家标准中。

Objective To understand the situation of Cadmium contamination in market-food in Shenzhen and its causes,and propose control measures, and provide basic data for assessment of cadmium dietary exposure in residents in Shenzhen.Methods A total of 4 360 market- food samples were collected randomly and the contents of cadmium wasdetermined directly by ICP- MS.And the contents of cadmiumis were evaluated using food safety national standards forpollutant limits（GB2762-2012）. Results The exceeding standard rate of cadmium content in rice and rice products was2.30%.The cadmium contamination in aquatic foods was the most serious, and the exceeding standard rate was 9.49%（excluding algae）.The cadmium content in shellfish was higher than other aquatic foods, with the median of 0.570mg/kg andthe exceeding rate of 29.82%.The exceeding standard rate of cadmium content in meat and meat products was 3.06%.Cadmiumcontent of meat, meat liver and meat kidney is significantly higher than that of poultry meat, poultry liver and poultry kidney.The exceeding rate was 1.23% in vegetables and fungus.The detection rate of cadmium content in algae was 92.31%, it rankedsecond only to that in shellfish. The highest content of cadmium in algae was 4.002mg/kg, and the median content of Cadmiumwas 0.100mg/kg. Conclusions The situation of cadmium contamination of market-food in Shenzhen is not optimistic. Thusmarket supervision be strengthened and the circulation of unqualified food be strictly controlled in the market. Meanwhile, thecadmium limited index of the algae food should be set and introduced into the national food safety standards as soon as possible.