改进口腔专业临床摄影口角拉钩的研究

Improvement of cheek retractor for clinical dental photograph of dental profession

目的 通过测量中国人的牙 模型与头颅侧位片分别获得正位和侧位高度、深度以及弧度,以获得国人相关数据,以改进拉钩设计,提高拍摄质量. 方法 2008年5月—2010年5月采用便利抽样法从北京大学口腔医院正畸科选择非拔牙矫治完成治疗的患者247例,均为恒牙 ,无牙齿缺失,第二恒磨牙已经萌出;磨牙关系中性,覆合覆盖正常. 分别在治疗后寄存模型和头颅侧位片上确定尖牙点、磨牙点、上齿槽座点、下齿槽座点,上颌第二磨牙远中面外形高点和下颌第二磨牙远中颈缘点. 测量正、侧位拉钩高度,正位拉钩深度、侧位拉钩后部高度和侧位拉钩深度,测量现有正位拉钩和侧位拉钩的高度与深度,比较模型X线片测量与现有拉钩的测量值. 结果 模型与X线测量得到正位拉钩高度和侧位拉钩深度分别为（39.54 ±4.29）mm和（36.18 ±3.26）mm,与现有正位拉钩高度（39.20 mm）以及侧位拉钩深度（34. 41 mm）相似,差异无统计学意义（P＞0. 05）. 模型和X线测量得到的正位拉钩深度为（12.41 ±2.67）mm,小于现有正位拉钩的深度（16.13 mm）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;模型和X线测量得到的侧位拉钩的高度为（39. 54 ± 4. 29）mm,大于现有侧位拉钩的高度（31. 16 mm）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0. 01）. 结论 国人口腔正位拉钩的深度、侧位拉钩的高度与现有正位拉钩和侧方拉钩不相符,需要根据研究结果设计制作出拉钩实物,在临床适用,并与使用传统拉钩拍摄的面 像进行对比,找出不足之处进行改进。

Objective To measure Chinese occlusion cast and skull lateral projection to acquired height, depth and arch of normotopia and lateral position, so as to obtain the data of national people for improvement of dental retracter and enhancing photography quality. Methods From May 2008 to May 2010 in Department of Orthodontics Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, a total of 247 cases were selected by convenient sampling method. The patients selected completed nonextraction treatment and had all permanent teeth without loss of tooth and second accessional teeth dentia already, and their molar relationship was neutral, and their overbite and overlap were normal. After treatment, we ensured fang′s point, molar point,＆amp;nbsp;subspinable, supramentale, maxillary second molar distal to the surface profile and mandibular second molar distal to the neck point by deposit model and skull lateral projection. The dental retracter height and depth of normotopia and lateral position, and we compared the measurement values of dental retracter between existed retracter and retracter model by X-ray. Results The model and X-ray measured depth of normotopia and lateral position, which were （39. 54 ± 4. 29） mm and （36. 18 ± 3. 26） mm compared with a similar size 39. 20 mm and 34. 41mm of existed retracter （P〉0. 05）. The model and X-ray measured the height of model′s normotopi, which was （12.41 ±2.67） mm and was smaller than 16.13 mm of existed one （P〈0.01）; the model and X-ray measured the height of lateral position, which was （39. 54 ± 4. 29） mm and bigger than the existed one （31. 16 mm） （P〈0. 01）. Conclusions The national dental retracter depth of normotopia and height of lateral position are discrepant with existed dental retracter, so it requires to design material retracter for clinical use, and compare with traditional retracter′s surface of image to find out the shortages and improve.