青海河谷区齐家文化生业模式差异初步探讨

The Preliminary Discussion of the Difference of the Livelihood Models in River Valley Areas during Qijia Culture Period in Qinghai Province

青海省发掘了多处齐家文化遗址和墓葬,根据已发掘的考古资料,本文选取了三个河谷区的典型遗址或墓地进行对比分析,通过对出土生产工具、动物遗存等的分析,表明分布在青海不同河谷区的齐家文化遗址或墓地其生业模式是有差异的。黄河谷地较高海拔的尕马台墓地以畜牧为主,兼有农业与狩猎的生产模式;湟水谷地的长宁遗址则以农业为主,以畜牧狩猎业、渔猎业为辅的混合型经济格局;大通河谷的金禅口遗址是种植业、狩猎和畜牧等多种生产方式的混合经济形态。地域自然资源条件的不同可能是造成这种差异的主要原因,同时可能还有其文化自身的因素。

Many sites of Qijia culture and tombs have been unearthed in recent years, according to the unearthed archaeological material, this paper chose three typical sites of different river valley areas to process comparative analysis. Through analyzing the means of production and remains of animals which were unearthed from the sites, it shows that the livelihood models of the ruins of Qijia Culture which are distributed in different river valley areas in Qinghai are different. The production pattern of the Gamatai site at high altitudes in the Yellow River Valley is dominanted by animal husbandry, combining with agri- culture and hunting~ The economic pattern of Changning site in the HuangShui valley is dominanted by ag- riculture, combining with animal husbandry and hunting, fishing and hunting~ However, the economic form of the Jinchankou site in the Datong River Valley is mixed with planting, hunting and animal hus- bandry. The difference of the regional natural resources conditions may be the main reason why there are the difference, meanwhile there may be its own factors of culture.