新能源安全观下美国页岩气开发对中国的战略启示

The strategic revelation in view of the new energy security according to the America experience of shale gas development

能源短缺、能源依赖是中国未来面临的最大风险之一,严重的环境污染要求中国改善以煤炭能源为主的消费结构。页岩气革命提高了美国能源自给能力、给美国经济复苏提供了强大动力,也使得美国二氧化碳排放水平连年下降。中国缺油少气,但页岩气资源非常丰富,开发页岩气对于中国减少油气对外依赖、减少煤炭消费量、调整能源消费结构,保证能源安全意义重大。但中国页岩气开采基础条件不好、制度不完善、交通运力不足、企业技术管理水平相对落后、两桶油的相对垄断等,都将严重制约页岩气在中国的开采进展。有鉴于此,借鉴美国经验,中国应该采取诸如制定页岩气相关法律法规和配套政策、以技术进步带动能源结构调整、加强国际合作等战略措施,以促进页岩气对中国能源安全的提升作用。

The energy shortage and energy dependence are the main risks in China＇economic development in the future,the serious environmental pollution is proposed to the consumption structure improved of the coal dominated.The shale gas revolution improves the energy self-sufficiency ability,provides a powerful driving force for economic recovery,and makes the level of carbon dioxide emissions declined year by year for American.Though lacking of petroleum and natural gas resources,the shale gas resources is very rich in China,so development of shale gas is very important for China to reduce dependence on foreign oil and gas,to reduce coal consumption,to adjust energy consumption structure,and to ensure energy security.However,China＇s basic conditions of shale gas mining are not good,the management systems are not perfect,the transport capacity of gas is not enough,technology and management level of enterprises are relatively backward,and two big oil enterprises have a monopoly relatively,etc.,all of these will seriously restrict the progress of exploitation of shale gas in china.In view of this,according to American experience,China should take some strategic measures to promote the shale gas development and improve China energy security,such as：development the relevant laws and regulations,improvement energy structure with the technology progress,strengthen international cooperation,etc.