合同解除异议制度废除论

Reflection on the System of Dissent from Rescission of Contract

审判共识将合同是否解除系于解除条件是否成就以及解除权行使程序是否合法,异议与合同解除与否没有必然关系,也因此失去了发挥作用的余地。要想让异议发挥效率、安全确定合同状态的功能,那么就必须将该项制度建立在法律推定和期限抗辩的基础之上。但这会限制相对人对原合同救济权利的行使,容易引发解除人滥用权利,造成了当事人之间利益的严重失衡。其实,解除人承担合同错误解除的法律风险是意思自治的必然要求,不宜转嫁,因此我国合同法建立异议制度本身就是一个错误,应该予以取消。合同解除的期限利益可以通过其他制度完成。

There are not necessarily related between dissent and rescission of contract,for trial consensus make contract terminate or not due to achievement of condition and legitimacy of rescission procedure,therefore the system of dissent can＇t play a role. To make rescission of contract efficiency and security of contract state,this system must be established on the base of legal presumption and defense of duration. But this would limit to relief rights of relative original contract,easily lead to abuse of termination rights,result in serious imbalance of interests between parties. In fact,it is inevitable requirement of will autonomy that the party having right of cancellation assume legal risk on the mistake of contract rescission,so the system of dissent from rescission of contract is a mistake in our contract law,then it should be cancelled. The interest of termination of the contract term can be protected by other systems.