试论我国民事诉前证据保全制度的完善

A Study on the System of Civil Pretrial Evidence Preservation

诉前证据保全制度除具有证据保全功能外,还具有确定事实、证据开示、促成裁判外纠纷解决等功能。该制度为2012年《民事诉讼法》新增加内容,但其立法简陋,可操作性差,司法实践效果不佳。根据立法考察和实践调研,我国诉前证据保全存在保全主体单一、保全效力未定、当事人程序保障缺失等七个方面的问题,极大制约了该制度功能的实现。域外关于诉前证据保全制度的立法理念已经取得长足进步,我国立法仍停留在相对初始的阶段,该制度有修改的必要。我国诉前证据保全制度应在扩充诉前证据保全的启动条件、引导利害关系人达成和解协议等七方面予以完善。

Pretrial evidence preservation system not only has the function of the evidence preservation,but also has determine the facts,the evidence discovery and dispute resolution function. As a new content for the Civil Procedure Law（ 2012）,The pretrial evidence preservation system were showed the simple and the poor effect of judicial practice. This research were based on the investigation and the legislative practice of our country and reached at a conclusion the seven aspects of the problem of the legislation. Compared with the extraterritorial legislation,The author come up with some suggestions about those problems.