环境侵权私力救济的根源及其法律控制

The Root Cause and Legal Control of the Private Relief for Environment Infringement

面对环境污染,环境侵权私力救济日益兴起,尽管具有一定的违法性,其产生却有不可避免的原因。从发生机制来看,民众、企业与政府的三方博弈催动了私力救济的最终产生。而根源上,行政救济的缺失、司法救济的有限,加之私力救济本身的正当与合理,三者决定了环境侵权私力救济的社会正当性。私力救济存在无法克服的内在弊端,即使在当前具有时代合理性,却需要在刑事司法层面对之进行限制。环境侵权私力救济的启动应以穷尽公力救济为前提,以符合比例原则为限度,同时若做出罪化处理,应严格适用正当防卫、自救行为和缺乏期待可能性等犯罪阻却事由。

The private relief for environmental infringement against environmental pollution is rising. Although there is certain illegality of this private relief,it has inevitably causes. Looking from the mechanism,the trilateral game of public,enterprise and government propel the generation of private relief. Looking from the root,the lack of administrative remedies,the limited judicial relief and the legitimacy and rationality of private relief itself,determine the social legitimacy of private relief of environmental infringement. Even so,there is internal abuse which is hard to overcome. Even though there is rationality of private relief in the current era,it should be limited in criminal judicature. Only exhaust the public remedy can as the premise of starting the private relief,and the limitation of the behavior should accord to the principle of proportionality. It has to strictly apply the crime obstructed as self- defense,emergency and lack of anticipated possibility.