黄河宁蒙河段塌岸侵蚀现场监测及评价研究

Field monitoring and evaluate study on bank erosion in the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reaches of the Yellow River

河岸崩塌是河流泥沙的重要来源之一,对其崩塌量的监测以及影响因素的研究是理解水沙运移规律、准确预测河流侵蚀淤积状况的基础。通过GPS-RTK测量技术对黄河重点河段(毛不拉河段、陶乐河段)进行汛期和非汛期的定期观测,并提出了河岸崩塌量与土地利用类型、河型、岸高等之间的定性关系。结果表明:GPS-RTK技术在河岸崩塌研究中简单易行,经济高效;毛不拉与陶乐段存在严重的河岸崩塌现象,汛期的崩塌量要大于非汛期塌岸量;毛不拉孔兑塌岸严重,塌岸量随着汛期与非汛期变化,而且汛期时孔兑的水流侵蚀作用对黄河河岸影响较小;河流塌岸量与河岸土地利用有明显关系,河流弯曲度与塌岸量呈现正相关,塌岸量较大时岸高与单位长度塌岸量呈正相关,塌岸量较小时两者关系不确定。

Bank erosion is the major sediment source in rivers,field observation and evaluate on bank erosion are basis to understand sediment transportation law of channel and to predict exactly the condition of erosiondeposition. Real-time kinematic technique was employed to perform a biannual observation on typical reaches（ Maobula and Taole） in Yellow River. In addition,qualitative relationships between the mass of bank erosion and land use,river pattern,bank height were also proposed. The results showed that RTK is a 年 economic and efficient way to monitor bank erosion. Serious bank collapse existed in Maobula and Taole reaches and it was also found that bank erosion in flood season was more serious than non-flood season. The data showed that bank erosion in Maobula tributary was strong and changed with alternative flood season,but compared with intense erosion on tributary,the flow erosion turned out to be relatively weak influence on Yellow river. The mass of bank erosion changed with land use types,and had a positive correlation with river curvature. Bank height had a positive effect on bank erosion rate under large bank collapse,while its influence became unclear under low bank collapse.