养老服务供求失衡背景下中国政府购买养老服务政策研究

Study on the Policies of Government Purchase Pension Service in China under the Background of Supply and Demand Imbalance

中国政府购买养老服务制度已于2000年逐步在上海等地得到广泛推行,但实施该制度后养老服务供求失衡的现象仍比较明显。相比之下,国外推行的政府购买养老服务制度却有效缓解了养老服务的供求失衡,这表明中国的政府购买养老服务制度需做进一步的调整。因此笔者从定量研究中国养老服务的供求着手,测算了自政府购买养老服务制度实施以来中国养老服务的供求水平,测算结果表明中国养老服务的失衡水平从2009年开始加大,到2011年进一步加剧。矩阵散点图和回归分析结果均表明中国养老服务的供求失衡与养老服务经费、养老服务的机构数量及养老服务专业人员的数量显著相关。据此,提出现行的政府购买养老服务制度需从规范政府预算程序和机制、建立以省级政府为主的购买经费分担机制、培育社会组织承接能力、建立专业人员培养机制等方面建立一套政策改革框架,该政策框架对中国进一步缓解养老服务的供求失衡具有一定的现实指导意义。

The government purchase pension service system has been widely implemented in China since 2000, however, the imbalance phenomenon of pension service supply and demand is still obvious. In contrast, the government purchase pension service system abroad has effectively alleviated the imbalance between supply and demand of pension services, which shows that the government in China needs to make further adjustments towards government purchase of pension service system. Therefore, the article firstly starts from the quantitative study of the supply and demand of China＇s pension services, and measured the level of supply and demand of China＇s pension services since the government purchase pension service system implemented, the calculation results show that the imbalance of China＇s pension services began to increase from 2009, up to 2011, the status continued to be further intensified. Secondly the matrix scatter plots and regression analysis results show that the supply and demand imbalance of China＇s pension services was significantly related to the finance expenditure of pension services, the number of institutions and the number of staff. According to this, this paper put forward that the current government purchase pension service system needs to establish a set of policy reform framework, such as regulating the government budget procedure and mechanism, establishing the mechanism of purchasing funds, cultivating the ability of social organization, establishing professional personnel training mechanism and so on. And the policy framework has certain practical significance in further easing the supply and demand imbalance of pension services in China.