非物质文化遗产与地域文化符号的重构——兼论山西安泽“荀子文化节”活动

Intangible Cultural Heritage and Reconstruction of Regional Cultural Symbols:On the“Xunzi Culture Festival”in Anze, Shanxi

21世纪以来,非物质文化遗产备受关注。从2006年开始,非物质文化遗产保护纳入国家话语体系,作为其底层支撑物的口头文化改变了自身的民间性,成为与官方文化系统互构共生的部分,但这不能违背非物质文化遗产保护的基本属性,即人的存在是非物质文化遗产存在的前提,非遗项目的确认是由民众所决定的,是遗产的传承人或传承社区说了算。很多地域如山西安泽,从政府主导出发,学者或文化精英参与,从文化基址到仪式,重新构建一套新的地域文化符号或标志。文化基址或许会成为某一地域新的文化景观或文化标志物,但缺失信仰核心的仪式之重构只能是昙花一现。

Since the 21 st Century, ICH has been paid great attention. With the national discourse involved into the protection of ICH in 2006, oral culture, the underlying support of ICH, changed its folk property and interacted with official culture system. But this cannot violate an essential rule, that is, human existence constitutes the premise of ICH, so the project of ICH should be chosen by common people, successors and related communities.On the contrary, in many areas such as Anze, Shanxi, the reconstruction of systematic cultural symbols including both site and rite is led by local government while scholars or cultural elites are participants. As a result, this cultural site may become a new regional landscape or marker, but ritual reconstructions without faith can only be short-lived.