城乡收入差距的总体分解及地区差异——基于收入来源的视角

Research on the Urban-rural Income Gap under the Perspective of Income Sources

持续扩大的城乡收入差距成为影响中国收入差距的最主要因素，城乡收入差距的解决事关社会和谐稳定以及中国经济持续健康发展。本文运用基尼系数及其分解方法，将2002～2012年我国城乡收入差距大小及各地区不同收入来源对城乡收入差距的影响进行分析。从收入来源研究各地区城乡收入差距问题，不仅能够较好地揭示城乡收入差距问题本质，还能判断各地区影响收入差距的主要原因，对缩小城乡收入差距和缓解中国的贫困问题具有重要意义。研究发现：不同地区不同收入来源对城乡收入差距的影响不同，但工资性收入对城乡收入差距的贡献最大，其次是转移性收入；家庭经营净收入作为农村居民主要收入来源，对城乡收入差距的作用起到明显的缩小作用，并且这种作用正在进一步扩大；财产性收入也表现出一定的缩小收入差距的趋势。因此，政府在提高农村居民工资性收入和转移性收入的同时，应保持家庭经营净收入和扩大农村居民的财产性收入。

Continued expansion of the income gap between urban and rural areas become the most important factor affec- ting China＇s income gap, therefore, the income gap between urban and rural areas to solve the matter of social harmony and stabi- lity so as to realize the sustainable and healthy development of China＇s eeonomy. This paper uses the Gini coeflqcient and its de- composition method, the effects of different sources of income of the size of the income gap between urban and rural areas from year 2002 to 2012 for analysis. The problem of regional income gap in the source of income, not only reveals the nature of the in- come gap between urban and rural issues, but also determines the main effects of the income gap between regions, for narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas and to alleviate poverty in China. It is found that the effect of income gap between urban and rural areas from different sources of income in different parts of China is different. Among these kinds of income, wages have the strongest effect of expanding income inequality, the next is transfer income. Household net operating income as a major source of income of rural residents plays a significant role in narrowing effect, and this effect is further expanded. Property income also shows a tendency to narrow the income gap. Therefore, the Government should improve rural wages and transfer income while maintaining the family operating income and expanding property income of rural residents.