无蜡质芥蓝突变型叶表面蜡质超微结构观察

Ultra-microstructure of Epicuticular Wax on Waxless Mutant of Chinese Kale(Brassica alboglabra L. H. Bailey)

以亮叶无蜡质紫色芥蓝突变型紫.中花芥蓝和多蜡质紫色芥蓝野生型为试材,对芥蓝叶片发育过程中最外层的表面蜡质进行系统地观察,并对无蜡质突变型紫.中花芥蓝、多蜡质野生型芥蓝和普通绿色芥蓝(CK)的干物质量、VC、可溶性糖、粗纤维、蛋白质、花青苷等主要营养成分含量进行测定分析。结果表明:在叶片发育过程中,多蜡质野生型芥蓝的叶面蜡质明显多于无蜡质突变型紫.中花芥蓝;野生型芥蓝和紫.中花芥蓝叶片背面的蜡质均明显多于叶片腹面;野生型芥蓝叶片背面的蜡质退化速度明显慢于叶片腹面。无蜡质突变型紫.中花芥蓝的VC含量高于野生型芥蓝,而粗纤维(DW)含量低于野生型芥蓝,说明紫.中花芥蓝有利于改良现有芥蓝的营养品质,有望育成高VC含量、高花青苷含量、以生食为主的芥蓝品种。芥蓝叶片的无蜡质性状对多蜡质表现为隐性遗传,紫色对绿色表现为显性遗传。

Epicuticular waxes of leaves at 4 developing stages in Chinese kale（Brassica alboglabra L.H.Bailey） waxless mutant named ＇Zi.zhonghuajielan＇ and wild type（WT） were observed by scanning electron microscope（SEM）.Meanwhile,crude weight,VC,soluble sugar,crude fiber,protein and anthocyanins were measured.The results showed that epicuticular waxes at 4 growth periods of wild type were apparently higher than those of mutant.Epicuticular waxes at leaf abaxial of mutant and WT were higher than those of leaf adaxial.Epicuticular waxes at leaf abaxial of WT degenerated slowly than those of leaf adaxial.VC in waxless mutant was higher than that of WT,and dry weight of crude weight in waxless mutant was lower than that of WT.Thus,waxless mutant in Chinese kale can supply higher nutrition of VC and anthocyanins.Gene controlled wax biosynthesis in Chinese kale waxless mutant was recessive,while gene or genes controlled anthocyanins biosynthesis were dominant,compared to WT.Furthermore brilliant green,waxless and purple Chinese kale uncooked is more suitable for eating.