方以智家族之家学传承与望族之生成

Transmission of FANG Yi-zhi's Family Learning and Formation of the Influential Clan

明清时期桐城桂林方氏家族乃江南望族,数代家传之易学、理学等学术思想与文化传承最为显著,构成方氏家学的重要内容。方学渐开创方氏易学学派,在中国哲学史上据有一席之地;其理学思想表现为阐扬心学,倡导性善说,崇实黜虚、经世致用,冀图补救时弊。方氏子孙方大镇、方孔炤皆自觉承传家学且有所发扬,至方以智则成为集大成之大学者。桂林方氏家族家学积淀形成了厚重的家族文化,不但成为家族世代坚守的精神品性和门庭兴盛的内在动因,而且也是其望族生成的最为根本之要素。

The Fangs in Tongchen,Anhui province were known as a distinguished and influential clan in Southern China in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The family clan was prominent for their research and thoughts on Book of Changes and neo-Confucianism transmitted for generations,which together with their unique family culture formed the major parts of their family learning.FANG Xue-jian created the school of Fang＇s Study on Book of Changes,an important part of Chinese philosophical history. His study on neo-Confucianism explained and expanded the Study of Conscience,advocated the theories like＂human nature is essentially good＂,＂worshipping the facts while dismissing empty talk＂and＂leanings should be conducive to the nation＂in hope of solving contemporary social problems. Fang＇s offspring like FANG Da-zhen,FANG Kong-zhao developed their family learning and FANG Yi-zhi was outstanding for his integrated and comprehensive promotion. The family learning of the Fangs accumulated for years as stately family culture,a spirit stood fast by the later generations,a driving force for the prosperity of the family clan and the foundation for family＇s influence.