利用CRISPR/Cas系统快速高效构建血友病乙小鼠模型

A quick and efficient method to generate hemophilia B mouse models by the CRISPR/Cas system

血友病乙是由凝血因子Ⅸ(FactorⅨ,FⅨ)缺乏或功能缺陷导致的出血性疾病,为伴X染色体隐性遗传病。小鼠模型对于血友病乙的研究具有十分重要的意义,而基因组编辑技术又为小鼠模型的构建提供了一种快捷而且高效的途径。本文利用CRISPR/Cas系统,在小鼠FⅨ基因第8外显子上选择靶位点,将Cas9 m RNA和带有靶位点的sg RNA显微注射到C57BL/6品系小鼠的受精卵中,获得基因修饰的小鼠。利用高分辨率熔解曲线分析(High resolution melting,HRM)技术进行精确基因分型,并通过测序验证,在60只小鼠中,总共有51只小鼠的靶位点发生了突变,突变率高达85%,其中雄鼠的突变率为79.5%,雌鼠的突变率为95.2%;未检测到非目标位置的基因编辑脱靶。凝血活性实验显示,突变小鼠的FⅨ活性值(FactorⅨcoagulant activity,FⅨ:C)是非突变小鼠的6.82%,大大低于非突变小鼠,表明突变小鼠的凝血活性缺失。本研究表明,利用CRISPR/Cas系统成功构建了人类血友病乙遗传病小鼠模型。

Hemophilia B, or the Christmas disease, is a common human disease caused by coagulation factor Ⅸ（FⅨ） deficiency. It is an X-linked recessive hereditary disease. Here we obtained FⅨ-knockout mouse strains with phenotype of hemophilia B with the CRISPR/Cas system efficiently. We chose the 8th exon as the target locus, and co-injected codon-optimized Cas9 m RNA with sg RNA of FⅨ into C57BL/6 mice zygotes. We obtained 60 mice in total and genotyped them by high resolution melting（HRM） and sequencing. The results showed the mutation rate was 85.0% in total, and 79.5% and 95.2% in males and females, respectively. No off-targets were detected in the similar locus by HRM. We future measured the FⅨ activity of each mice. The FⅨ： C of mutant mice were significantly below the normal level and reduced to 6.82% of wild-type mice. The activity assay demonstrated that all the mutant mice were lack of FⅨ. In summary, we have generated hemophilia B model mice with extreme efficiency, using the RNA-guided Cas9 nuclease gene editing system.