“禹娶涂山”在巢湖甄辨

On Da Yu Marrying Tushan in Chaohu

"禹娶涂山"与"涂山之会",是大禹前期奋斗过程中两个决定命运、象征成功的重大节点,故"涂山"被视为夏王朝诞生摇篮之地,夏文化兴盛发祥之地。涂山在何处,向来诸说纷呈,各持其据,互相抵牾,彼此否定。至清代成定论:涂山在巢湖,余说均非。巢湖是大禹治水并成功之地,是夏启出生并成长之地,也是夏桀逃亡并终结之地。"夏之兴也以涂山,桀之放也以妺喜。"司马迁通过最具典型色彩的人事节点,揭示了夏后氏由艰苦奋斗兢兢业业而兴而旺、夏王朝缘横暴跋扈腐化堕落而衰而亡的政治大义和社会逻辑。而"夏之兴"与"桀之放"盖于巢湖复叠,圈划了一个连续17王、长达500年的史程大圆圜,使得夏文化成为巢湖文明的远古篇章。

＂Da Yu marrying Tushan＂ and ＂meeting in Tushan＂ were two decisive turning points for Da Yu in his early career, so Tushan was considered as the birth cradle for Xia Dynasty and origin of properous Xia culture. The academic circles held quite different opinions on where Tushan was located and did not come to a definite conclusion until the Qing Dynasty, ie. Tushan was located in Chaohu and the other opinions were all wrong. Chaohu was where Da Yu succeeded in tackling the big flood, where Qi was born and grew up, and where Jie was exiled and died. Sima Qian remarked that the prosper of Xia resulted from Tushan while the decay of Jie resulted from Meixi. He adopted the typical examples to illustrate the political and social logic through the prosper and decay of Xiahou family. That both the prosper of Xia and Jie＇s exile were related to Chanhu has drafted the history of 17 kings through 500 years, which makes Xia culture part of Chaohu ancient culure.