入侵害虫椰子木蛾(鳞翅目:木蛾科)在我国的潜在分布

Potential Geographical Distribution of the Introduced Opisina arenosella (Lepidoptera:Xylorictidae) in China

【目的】椰子木蛾是椰子等棕榈科植物上的重要食叶类害虫,2013年8月该虫已在我国海南省9个市县、广东省中山市和顺德市及广西防城港等地发现,局部地区已形成种群,其入侵范围有不断扩大的趋势,国家林业局于2014年将其增补为林业危险性有害生物。对该新发现入侵害虫进行潜在分布区的预测,可为实施监测和控制其扩散蔓延提供参考。【方法】首先根据椰子木蛾已有的分布记录对其本土种群和我国入侵种群所占有的气候空间进行对比,分析其入侵过程中生态位的保守性,然后结合其主要寄主植物椰子在我国的种植区域,运用Maxent和GARP 2种相关性方案的生态位模型对椰子木蛾在我国的潜在分布进行分析。【结果】椰子木蛾本土种群和我国种群所占有的气候空间有所差别,这种差异是由于本土种群和我国种群所在的地理空间差异造成,椰子木蛾在入侵过程中的生态位保守。基于Maxent和GARP的生态位模型的预测结果差异较大,但二者在我国南部地区的预测比较一致。二者的预测差异主要在印度南部、斯里兰卡和东南亚地区,这种差异主要是由于二者算法的不同造成的。基于Maxent和GARP的结果均显示,椰子木蛾在我国的潜在分布区域主要集中在广东、广西、福建沿海地区以及海南的大部分地区,广西中部和南部也具有较大的分布可能性,这些潜在分布区与我国椰子等棕榈科植物的种植区域大体是一致的,二者具有较大的重叠。【结论】沿海地区贸易频繁,受人类活动的影响较大,容易助长入侵物种的扩散。椰子木蛾在我国南部适宜地区扩散的可能性较大,应在这些适宜地区开展虫情调查,采取应对措施可有效防止椰子木蛾的进一步扩散,同时我国应对来自椰子木蛾疫区的棕榈植物及繁殖材料进行严格检疫,以防止椰子木蛾的二次入侵。

【Objective】The coconut caterpillar Opisina arenosella Walker（ Lepidoptera： Xyloryctidae） is a serious pest to the coconuts（ Cocos nucifera） in tropical and subtropical countries. It is native in southern India and Sri Lanka,and has been introduced into Bangladesh,Burma,Indonesia,Thailand,Malaysia Pakistan,and Singapore successively. In August 2013,O. arenosella was reported in 9 cities in Hainan,Zhongshan and Shunde in Guangdong,and Fangchenggang in Guangxi,with the pest population outbreaks in some areas. This pest has the potential to spread many areas in southern China,and it was listed as the dangerous forest pest by State Forestry Bureau in 2014. Predicting the potential distribution of newly introduced species is the priority task for invasion monitoring and spread management.【Method】Ecological niche modeling has been widely used in biological invasion with a premise that ecological niche is conservative. In this study,we first compared the climate space occupied by native and introduced Chinese populations. We then integrated the planting zone of coconut into the spatial prediction of ecological niche model. Both Maxent and GARP models were used to generatethe potential distribution.【Results】Difference was observed bin the occupied climate spaces between the two populations,and nonetheless,the climate niche was conservative during its invasion. Thus,the observed difference was due to a geographic background effect. Although there were significant differences in the results estimated by the two niche model predictions,they were consistent in the southern China prediction. Both Maxent and GARP suggest that the potential distribution of O. arenosella in China includes： Guangdong,Guangxi,coastal Fujian,and most areas in Hainan,and the central and southern Guangxi also showed high suitability to O. arenosella. These suitable areas are fallen in the planting areas of coconut in China,and were heavily influenced by human activity.【Conclusion】It is concluded that O. arenosella has the potential to spread into these suitable areas. A special attention should be paid to the field survey in these suitable areas; and the subsequent management action could therefore effectively target on the spreading. This study would provide a reference for the potential distribution and risk analysis of O. arenosella invasion.