首都的类型与未来

Types of Capital Cities and Their Future

本文由当代城市规划与城市研究巨匠彼得·霍尔的两篇文章“首都的七种类型”（郭磊贤翻译）与“首都的未来”（赵文宁翻译）合编而成，原文收录于戴维·戈登编纂出版的《规划20世纪的首都》。作者从城市功能的历史演变、地缘政治格局及全球城市体系的角度出发，将首都从国家政治中心、中央政府所在地的狭隘定义，拓展至扮演全球、国家或地方中枢功能城市的广义理解。通过对首都发展与世界经济、政治结构关系的研究，作者认为：尽管作为国家政府所在地的首都城市大多也吸引商业、金融、传媒、高教等其他国家功能，但并非都是如此；首都可以概括为七种类型，一个首都可能兼具多种类型；21世纪首都的发展将受全球化与信息化这两个重要趋势的影响。作者对于首都城市的研究，对于我们认识北京的首都功能、把握首都地区规划面临的核心议题具有重要的参考意义。

Collected in the book entitled Planning Twentieth-Century Capital Cities edited by David GORDON, this article is a com- bination of two articles by Peter HALI.： ＂ Seven Types of Capital City ＂ （translated by GUO Leixian） and ＂What Is the Future of Capital Cities？＂ （trans- lated by ZHAO Wenning） From the per- spective of urban functional evolution, geopolitical patterns, and global urban system, the author expands the narrow definition of capital city as the national po- litical center and the locality of the central government of a country to a broader un- derstanding- viewing the capital cities as global, national, and local central cities. Based on a study of the relationship between the development of capital cities and the global economic and political struc- ture, the author argues that not all the capital cities that hold the national govern- ments attract commercial, financial, media, and higher education, and other national functions. Capital cities can be classified into seven types, and one capital city may combine several types. The de- velopment of capital cities in the 21~＇ century is bound to be influenced by globalization and informationalization. The author＇s study on capital cities provides a valuable theoretical reference for an indepth understanding on both the capital functions of Beiiing and the core issues concerning the planning of China＇s capital region.