摘要
[目的]研究共生期对谷林套播油菜苗期生长及产量构成的影响,为南方三熟制地区谷林套播油菜共生期确定提供参考。[方法]以油菜品种赣油杂5号和丰油730为材料,设置油稻共生期12 d、10 d、7 d、5 d、3 d、0 d(CK)6个处理,于2012—2014年进行大田试验。[结果](1)共生期延长有利于提高油菜出苗期密度,但较长的共生期导致油菜密度后期急剧下降,降幅随着共生期延长而增加,成苗率和成株率随共生期延长先增加后下降。油菜成熟期密度以共生5 d处理最大,与0 d(CK)处理相比,成苗率和成株率分别提高0.97%和5.98%,而12 d共生期处理成苗率和成株率分别下降19.20%、19.35%。(2)共生期显著影响套播油菜苗期生长发育,油菜总叶数、绿叶数、根颈粗、单株干重等个体指标随共生期延长而增加,叶面积指数和群体干重等群体指标随着共生期延长呈现先增加后逐渐下降趋势。(3)套播油菜成熟期的一次分枝数、单株角果数、主序角果数、每角粒数、千粒重、单株干重、单株产量等产量相关性状与共生期关系密切。其中,共生期与一次分枝数、单株角果数、主序角果数、千粒重、单株产量、单株干重等产量性状极显著正相关、与每角粒数极显著负相关。(4)套播油菜单株产量随着共生期延长而增加,油菜单位面积产量随着共生期的延长呈先增后降趋势,以共生5 d产量最高;相比于CK,两年度分别增产20.48%和22.35%,增产效果显著。(5)共生期显著影响油菜生育进程,相比于套播处理,CK油菜全生育期明显缩短,差异主要发生在出苗至蕾薹期,现蕾后发育进程差异不明显。[结论]共生期延长有利于提高套播油菜出苗密度和个体生长发育,但成苗率和成株率低,造成成熟期密度不足而导致减产,共生期缩短出苗密度小,且因播期晚,个体生长发育较差,最终影响产量形成。因此本区域内谷林套播油菜共生期以3—7 d为宜,5 d为最佳,共生期过长或太短均不利于南方三熟制地区套播油菜高产群体的构建。
[Objective]The main purpose of this study was to recover the optimal strategy for growth area expansion and output increasing of interplanting rapeseed in rice,a triple cropping pattern,through evaluating the effects of a symbiotic period on both seedling growth and yield development,which would shed light on desirable symbiotic period determination in South China.[Method]Ganyouza 5 and Fengyou 730,two elite rapeseed cultivars,were employed for a field experiment with 6 symbiotic period treats during the 2012-2014 growing season,the 6 symbiotic period treats were as followed separately:12 d,10 d,7 d,5 d,3 d,0 d(CK).[Result](1) An extended symbiotic period could thoroughly promote the seedling density.A dramatic reduction of seedling density occurred along with a longer symbiotic period in the late growth period.Concurrently,the seedling rate and mature plant rate were increased at the initial stage but deteriorated under a further extended symbiotic period.The optimal mature plant rate was a 5-day symbiotic period treatment.Compared with the control(0-day symbiosis),the seedling rate and mature plant rate were raised with 0.97% and 5.98% at a 5-day symbiotic period but lessened by 19.2% and 19.35% at a 12-day symbiotic period,respectively.(2) Under a longer symbiotic period,seedling growth,number of total leaves,number of green leaves,crown diameter,and the dry weight of individual plants were gradually enhanced,whereas the leaf area index and dry matter of population plants were primitively increased and then subsequently fell.(3) A symbiotic period was highly related to yield components of interplanting rapeseed in rice including primary branches,siliques per plant,siliques on main inflorescence,seeds per silique,1000-grain weight,dry matter weight per plant,and yield per plant.Especially,a significant positive correlation was observed between the symbiotic period and the primary branches,siliques per plant,siliques on main inflorescence,1000-grain weight,yield per plant,and dry matter weight per plant,but a substantial negative correlation occurred for seeds per silique.(4) The yield per plant of interplanting rapeseed in rice was enhanced,whereas the yield per area was heightened initially and diminished later under a longer symbiotic period,and the optimal rapeseed yield could be approached at 5-day symbiotic period.Comparing with the control(CK),the average yield increasing rate of the symbiotic period treatment was 20.48% and 22.35% respectively within two rounds of field experiments.(5) The duration of a symbiotic period could affect the developing progress of rapeseed.The life period of the control(0-day symbiosis) was shorter than the symbiotic treats,and the difference was apparently occurred from seedling to bolting stages,but disappeared after the squaring stage.[Conclusion]Extension of a symbiotic period favors seedling density and individual development of interplanting rapeseed in rice.However,a lower seedling rate and mature plant rate under a longer symbiotic period as well as low seedling density and weak individuals under a shorter symbiotic period could result in yield reduction.Our results indicated that 5-days was the most optimal local symbiotic period within a favorable regime of 3 to 7 days to higher yield under interplanting rapeseed in rice in red soil regions.A longer or shorter symbiotic period would be detrimental to high rapeseed yield formation in South China where a triple cropping system is very popular.
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第21期4254-4263,共10页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
江西省科技支撑计划项目(20121BBF60016)
江西省重大科技支撑计划项目(20143ACF60009)
关键词
油菜
水稻
共生期
谷林套播油菜
苗期性状
产量
rapeseed
rice
symbiosis period
interplanting rapeseed in rice
seedling traits
yield