水生蔬菜质量安全技术标准体系的构建与应用——以湖北省及武汉市为例

Construction and Application of Technical Standard System for Aquatic Vegetable Safety Quality——Taking Hubei Province and Wuhan as Examples

在了解蔬菜质量安全技术标准体系基本构件的基础上,以湖北省和武汉市水生蔬菜为例,对蔬菜质量安全技术标准体系现状及构建要点进行了分析。指出,无公害食品、绿色食品及有机食品蔬菜的标准体系支撑构件分别为"国家标准+农业行业标准+地方标准"、"行业标准+地方标准"。生产技术规程是地方蔬菜质量安全技术标准体系的关键性构件。湖北省科技人员注重相关标准理论与技术的研究,完成了湖北省及武汉市主要水生蔬菜质量安全技术标准体系的构建。湖北省在水生蔬菜质量安全技术标准的推广应用方面,成绩显著,水生蔬菜产区的栽培技术(譬如定植期、用种量、定植密度、肥料施用、农药施用、水分管理、产品采收等)基本实现了标准化操作,产品质量也全面实现无公害化。在湖北省的部分产区,还实现了绿色食品和有机食品水生蔬菜的规模化种植,并对湖北省水生蔬菜质量安全技术标准体系及其推广应用中存在的问题亦提出了几条建议。

Based on the understanding of the basic constructive elements of the technical standard system for vegetable safety quality, taking Hubei aquatic vegetables as example, the authors analyzed the status and the key points of construction of the technical standard system for vegetable safety quality, and pointed out that the supporting constructive elements of the technical standard system for pollution-free food vegetables, green food vegetables and organic food vegetables are ＂national standards ＋ ministerial standards for agriculture ＋ local standards＂, ＂ministerial standards for agriculture ＋ local standards＂ and ＂national standards ＋ ministerial standards for agriculture ＋ local standards＂ respectively. Production technical specification is the key component of technical standard system for local vegetable safety quality. Specialists from Hubei province have done lots of studies in the theory and techniques of agricultural standards and completed the construction of the technical standard system for safety quality of the major aquatic vegetables in Hube province and its capital, the city of Wuhan. Significant achievements have been obtained in the extension of the technical standard system for aquatic vegetable safety quality in Hubei province. At present, in aquatic vegetable producing areas of Hubei province, the main cultivation techniques for aquatic vegetables including transplanting, seed quantity, planting density, fertilizing and pesticide application, irrigationing, drainaging and harvesting are all standardized and all the products are pollution-free product at least. In some areas, green food and organic food aquatic vegetables are being produced in large scale. At last, the authors put forward a few proposals on how to improve the construction and extension of the technical standard system for aquatic vegetable safety quality in the future.