发达国家去工业化比较及其对当前中国的启示——以英国和美国为例

A Comparison of De-Industrialization between Industrialized Countries and Its Enlightenment to Present China: A Case Study of UK and USA

基于不同角度,去工业化可以分为很多类别。英国和美国是发达国家去工业化的两个典型代表。英国偏总量、整体性去工业化,从数量上看偏强去工业化,更多表现为生产率的去工业化;美国则偏结构性和区域性去工业化,从数量上看偏弱去工业化,更多表现为就业和产出的去工业化。从事后的观点来看,去工业化给英国经济带来的影响偏消极,而给美国经济带来的影响偏积极。当前中国似有去工业化的苗头,需要在产业政策、财税政策上进行思路调整与改革,构建一体化劳动力市场,发挥大国优势,充分利用区域去工业化和结构性去工业化的机会,从根本上提高社会整体劳动生产率,避免去工业化对中国经济可能产生的负面影响。

From different perspectives, de-industrialization can be divided into many categories.Britain and the United States are two typical representatives in de-industrialization among the developed countries. Britain prefers gross and integrated de-industrialization, in terms of quantity it is inclined to stronger de-industrialization, showing a de-industrialization more in productivity; while the United States prefers structural and regional de-industrialization, in terms of quantity it is inclined to weaker de-industrialization, showing a de-industrialization more in employment and output value. From the view afterwards, the impact of de-industrialization on the British economy is partially negative, while the impact on the US economy is partially positive. At present, China seems to have signs of de-industrialization, thus it is necessary to adjust and reform the industrial policies and fiscal policies, build integrated labor markets, play the role of the advantages of a big country, make full use of the opportunities in regional de-industrialization and structural de-industrialization, fundamentally improve labor productivity in the society as a whole, so as to avoid the negative effects of de-industrialization on the Chinese economy that may arise.