唐代门荫制度诸问题再探讨

The Re- exploration of the Institution of Family Status System in Tang Dynasty

唐代门荫制度以本品为标准,散官、职事官五品以上,勋官视二品以上,爵位都可以有荫。通过对《新唐书》和《唐六典》的考释,可知在间接用荫的途径中,品阶、身份与用荫为卫官之间,在高层次上是一对多的关系,在低层次上是多对多的关系。用荫入学馆,《选举志》中记述的是龙朔二年以前的一种综合情况。直接用荫是多种因素相互作用的结果。用荫出官并非要先结散品,再获得官职。门荫制度在唐后期并没有衰落,它始终对官僚队伍的结构产生着重大影响。

The Institution of Family Status System （Called Men -yin） in Tang Dynasty relied on the taste le,Jel of ＂Ben- pin＂. For instance, Men -yin was conferred on Zhishi -guan, San -guan of 5 taste level and higher, xun - guan of 2 taste level and higher, and all of peerages. The approach of Men - yin could be divid- ed into Direct- Yin and Indirect- Yin. Regarding Indirect- Yin, wei -guan that was recorded in Xin Tang Shu was variant to Tang Liu Dian. However, the history of Men - yin implemented to Studies Institute was just not ＂ceased until the 2nd year of LONGSHUO in Xin Tang Shu - Selection. On the other hand, many - faceted interaction caused the performance of Direct - yin in political stratum. Once Men - yin was practiced, the offi- cials did not have to terminate the existing taste to gain the official position. Men -yin institution had not de- clined in later period of Tang Dynasty, which made profound impact throughout the configuration of bureaucratic queue.