农村土地承包经营政策对婚姻家庭的影响——来自中国乡村的调查

The Impact of Contracted Management of Rural Land Policy on the Marriage and Family: Investigation of Rural China

调研显示,农村土地承包经营政策对婚姻家庭的影响呈现出地域性,有明显的性别特征,女性土地权益在政策的稳定性与家庭成员流动性的冲突中被牺牲。土地承包经营兼具农业生产和社会保障的功能,因此,政策、制度的设计必须兼顾效率和公平。在城乡二元体制下,借鉴日耳曼法上的总有制度,改革土地承包权主体制度,在明晰农户内部产权关系的基础上深化土地承包经营权流转,系我国当前兼顾农村家庭成员间利益公平与收益效率的有效路径。

According to our survey, the impact of the contracted management of rural land policy on marriage and family is different in different regions, and it has obvious gender characteristics, and the land rights and interests of women are usually sacrificed because of the conflict between the policy stability and the liquidity of family members. The contracted management of land has the function of both agricultural production and social security, therefore, the design of policy and system should consider both efficiency and fairness. Under the background of urban - rural dual structure, the effective path to give attention to both equity of interests and revenue efficiency of rural family members in current situation in China is, reforming the system of right sub- ject for land contract on the basis of drawing lessons from the ＂aggregate ownership＂ system in Germanic law, and deepening the circulation of the right for contracted management of land with defining the internal property rights and relations within a peasant household.