上海市闵行区学龄前儿童视力低常检出率及影响因素分析

Analysis of preschool children's subnormal vision and its influencing factors in Shanghai Minhang district

目的了解托幼机构学龄前儿童视力低于正常（低常）的发生情况,分析遗传、家庭环境、生活习惯等因素对学龄前儿童视力低常的影响,为采取有效的干预措施提供依据。方法整群抽取闵行区6家托幼机构13个分点为基地,选取小班、中大班级3-6岁儿童2 054名。采用全国统一的对数视力表检查视力并对家长进行问卷调查。运用SPSS16.0软件进行描述性分析、χ^2检验、多因素Logistic回归分析等统计分析方法。结果学龄前儿童视力筛查低常696人,低常检出率为33.9%,其中男童检出率为32.8%（342/1 043）,女童检出率为35.0%（354/1 011）。学龄前男童、女童视力筛查低常检出率无统计学差异（χ^2=1.134,P〉0.05）。随着年龄增长学龄前儿童视力低常的检出率逐渐升高,且在不同年龄组差异具有统计学意义（χ^2=225.940,P〈0.01）。儿童平时有眯眼习惯、儿童平时有视近习惯是学龄前儿童视力低常检出的危险因素。结论应重视学龄前儿童视力保护工作,采取综合措施早期干预儿童视力低常的发生。

Objectives To grasp the general situation of the subnormal vision among the preschool children in Minhang district and analysis its influencing factors by conducting questionnaire survey so as to provide effective intervention measures. Methods A total of 2 054 preschool children aged 3-6years old were recruited from 6kindergartens of Minhang district.The chart light illumination was 500 lx and the distance between the subjects and the chart was 5-meter far.Then the questionnaire surveys were conducted among the parents.The data was analyzed using SPSS 16.0statistical software package for Windows.The Student＇s t Test,Chi square test,Logistic regression analysis statistical method were used. Results The detection rate of subnormal vision among preschool children reached up to 33.9%,in which boy children reached up to 32.8% and girl children was 35.0%,but there was no significant difference between boys and girls.The older group was associated with higher subnormal vision detection rate,and there was significant difference.Children with squinting habit and elder age were the influencing factors of subnormal vision among preschool children. Conclusion Much more attention should be paid to preschool children＇s eyesight protection work,and comprehensive measures of early intervention to preschool children with subnormal vision should be conducted as early as possible.