中国城市过程中的控制与参与

Political Control and Participation in Urban Process

从世界历史的角度看,近代以来城市的发生是一个市场和工业发展的社会结果;在中国历史中,城市则是一个授权与控制的政治体系。从中央到地方,当代中国的城市政治过程依次表现为国家城市布局、地方政治自治、社会多元参与三个层次。在市场体系日益完备的条件下,国家通过城市布局形成的严密政治控制日益无法适应中国城市化的基本进程。城市政治过程不仅仅局限于特定区域的权力部署,还有一个全国与地方、地方与地方、地方与社会的复杂利益交换过程。因此,在中国城市融入世界历史的时候,中央、地方、社会分治的城市政治格局必须适当调整,并以多元开放的城市结构实现城市发展与政治发展的双重转型。

From the perspective of world history, the occurrence of modern cities resulted from the devel- opment of market and industry. In Chinese history, city is a political system of authorization and control. From central to local government, the urban political process of modern China manifests three levels in turns as the national urban layout, local political autonomy, and multiple social participation. Under the condition of in- creasingly perfect market system, strict political control formed by national urban layout cannot adjust to the basic process of urbanization in China. Urban political process is not only limited to the power layout in specific areas, but also a complex process of interest exchange between the state and local, local and local, local and society. Therefore, when the Chinese cities walk into world history, the urban political structure governed by state, local and society should be adjusted properly. Also duo transformation in urban and political development should be realized with diverse and open urban structure.