城镇化背景下农地适度规模经营模式探索——以长沙市为例

An Exploration of Agricultural Land Appropriate Scale Management under the Background of Urbanization——A case study of Changsha City

农地是发展农业的必要条件,农地的经营规模决定了农业的经营方式和发展方向,并在整个农业产业化发展中发挥着至关重要的作用。对长沙市农地适度规模经营的实地调查发现,影响农地适度规模经营模式选择的主要因素有空间分布、地形地势、资源禀赋、社会经济发展水平、市场距离、社会化服务体系、政治因素;其发展模式受自然地理条件、社会经济条件以及政治因素的综合影响。调查认为,长沙市存在三种可供选择的农地适度规模经营模式:家庭农场、股份合作制农民专业合作社、龙头企业产业化经营;而不同模式有其自身的形成和发展逻辑,在运作主体、产生方式、利益分配、资金技术、规模以及风险规避方面存在其固有的特征;农地规模经营实际操作中要因地制宜,选择合适的发展模式。

The agricultural land is a necessity for the development of agriculture. Agricultural land operation scale determines the mode of agricultural operation and its development direction , thus playing a crucial role in the whole industrial development of agriculture. According to the survey of in Changsha City , the main factors affecting the choice of modes of agricultural land appropriate scale management are： spatial distribution, topography, resource endowments; the level of socio-economic development, market distance, the socialization service system and political conditions, and the choice of different modes are influenced by natural and geographical, socio-economic conditions and political factors combined. There are three available business models to choose from for Changsha agricultural land appropriate scale management： family farms , joint-stock farmer cooperatives, and enterprises industrial management. And the different modes have their own formations and development patterns; they have their own inherent characteristics in the running body , generating way, benefits distribution, capital and technology, scale and risk aversion. In practice, agricultural land scale management should abide by local conditions and select the appropriate development mode.