全面实施收费制度后某高校研究生心理压力状况分析及对策研究

Psychological stress analysis and countermeasures of a university graduate student after the full implementation of the charging system

【摘要】目的调查全面实施收费制度后硕士研究生的心理压力现状，探讨缓解其心理压力的有效对策。方法随机选取山东省某高校2014级全日制硕士研究生413名，采用研究生心理压力源量表和自行设计的调查问卷进行调查，利用SPSS17．0软件，对调查数据进行统计描述、独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析。结果①2014级全日制自费硕士研究生的心理压力处于“压力中等”程度；②男性研究生的经济压力和学业压力均大于女性研究生（P=0．000，P=0．042）；农村生源研究生的经济压力大于城市生源研究生（P=0．000）：专业型研究生的经济压力大于学术型研究生（P=0．027）；不同专业的研究生在人际交往压力方面存在差异（P=0．016）；③78．75％（315／400）的研究生学费、生活费主要来源于其父母及国家和学校的奖助措施；④对“全面收费比公费更有利于研究生培养”“全面收费有利于教育事业发展”及“全面收费体现了教育的公平性”观点的完全同意人数百分比分别为84．75％（339／400）、71．25％（285／400）及68．00％（272／400）。结论全日制自费硕士研究生对收费政策有较为理性的认识：经济和学业压力是研究生现阶段面临的两大突出压力源；研究生应提高自身应对压力的能力，政府和学校应采取多种措施帮助研究生缓解压力。

Objective To investigate the graduate students＇ mental pressure after the full im- plementation of the charging system and explore effective of alleviating the psycho- logical pressure. Methods 413 full-time graduate students of Grade 2014 were randomly selected in a university of Shandong province. The graduate students＇ psychological pressure scale and self-designed questionnaire survey were used. The data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software, statistical descrip- tion of the survey data, independent sample t test, ANOVA. Results ①The psychological pressure of full-time graduate students at their own expense was in the ＂medium pressure＂ level; ②The economic pressure and academic pressure of the male graduate students were higher than those of the female graduate students （P=0.000,P=0.042）, the rural economic pressures were greater than urban students graduate students graduate students （P=0.000）; Professional graduate economic pressures were greater than academic graduate students （P=-0.027）; There is difference in the pressure of interpersonal commu -nication among different majors （P=0.016）; ③78.75% （315/400） of the graduate students tuition fees, living expenses were mainly from their parents and the national and school awards; ④The percentage of those who completely agreed with the following view： ＂full charge than at public expense is more advantageous to graduate education＂, ＂comprehensive charge is advantageous to the education career development＂ and ＂comprehensive charge embodies the fairness of education＂ was 84.75% （339/400）, 71.25% （285/400） and 68.00% （272/400）. Conclusion The full-time graduate students at their own expense have a more rational understanding of the charging policy; economic and academic pressures are the two outstanding pressure sources of the graduate students at the present stage. Graduate should improve their ability to cope with stress, and government and schools should take various measures to help students relieve stress.