诗词中的孤竹古国意象及文献价值探讨

Discussion on the Poetic Image of the Ancient Guzhu and Its Documents Value

孤竹史料零散有限。通过统计古典诗词中的"孤竹"意象用例用量,可观察历代对孤竹历史人物与经典事件的评价。首先,从孤竹意象使用频次看,"孤竹"、"首阳"、"伯夷"三个典故在诗文中出现最多,其内涵与形式稳固,流传广泛。其次,从数量来看,唐诗宋词中关乎孤竹意象之作不下百首,其他时代的孤竹诗作总量亦存百余首。最后,从域外诗词文献可以看出孤竹文化在越南和朝鲜的传播价值。此外,汉赋、明代药典及清小说中的孤竹线索较之经史类文献更具隐蔽性,有独特参考价值。

Historical materials about Guzhu are rare. We can observe the evaluation in past dynasties of historical people and famous event in Guzhu through statistics of Guzhu image examples and quantity in classical poems. First,considering the frequency of Guzhu image,such as the common allusion Guzhu,Shou Yang,Boyi,their intention and form are stable and spread widely. Second,considering the amount of Guzhu image in Tang and Song poetry,there are approximately 100 poems. At last,considering its overseas influence,we can exploit the value of Guzhu cultural spreading in Vietnam and Korea. Besides,comparing with classical and historical documents,Guzhu clue is more invisible in prose poems of Han dynasty,pharmacopoeia of Ming dynasty,stories of Qing dynasty,which is of special reference value.