电影厅内部布局及出口位置对疏散效率的影响

Effects of Internal Layout and Exit Position of New-style Cinema on Evacuation Efficiency

针对目前新型电影厅独特的内部结构,本文引入"位置安全度"来确定人员路径选择的策略,建立相应的元胞自动机人员疏散模型,数值模拟研究了新型电影厅不同内部布局及出口位置对疏散效率的影响,并对典型的疏散场景进行讨论。结果表明:电影厅内部设置较多的过道,特别是面向出口方向的过道,将大幅度提高疏散效率;当电影厅有2个出口时,出口按左、右侧前、后对角分布,可达到最佳疏散效率;此外,靠近过道座位上的人员要比中间座位上的人员更有利于疏散。

Aiming at the present distinctive internal structure of new-style cinema, a new cellular automaton model is proposed to simulate pedestrian evacuation by introducing ＂position safety degree＂, which identifies the strategy of routing choice. The influences of different internal layouts and different exit positions on evacuation efficiency are investigated via numerical simulation. Furthermore, thetypical evacuation scenes are also discussed in detail. The simulation results show that setting up more aisles, especially towards exits will improve the evacuation efficiency greatly. For a cinema with two exits, the optimal evacuation efficiency can be obtained, when these two exits are designed along the left and the right sides of the cinema, respectively, and displayed as a front and back diagonal distribution. In addition, the escape is much easier for the pedestrians close to aisles than those in the central position. Keywords. pedestrian flow emergency evacuation; cellular automaton evacuation efficiency.