论马克思的农民问题思想

On Marx's Thought of Peasant Problem

马克思经典文本中关于农民问题的论述认为:农民具有小资产阶级和无产阶级的两重阶级属性,作为私有者的农民原本属于小资产阶级,但最终会沦落为无产阶级;农民对于无产阶级革命具有积极的和消极的双重作用,其历史命运、政治地位和思想品格决定农民并非无产阶级革命的倡导者和领导者,但必定是无产阶级革命的重要同盟者;随着资本主义生产方式的变迁和现代大农业的发展,农民必然逐渐破产并最终走向消亡,但农民是无产阶级革命需要争取的力量。马克思的农民问题思想有其时代的和社会的背景,也有其个人经历的痕迹。马克思没有用一成不变的教条去看待农民,我们也需要用发展的辩证的思维去看待马克思的农民问题思想。

Marx＇s classic text on the issue of peasant shows that peasant class has dual attributes, namely, the attributes that belong to petty bourgeoisie and proletariat as private farmers originally belonged to the petty bourgeoi- sie, but eventually have been reduced to the proletariat. Peasants have positive and negative function to the prole- tarian revolution, and its historical destiny, political and ideological character decided the peasants are not advocate or leader of the proletarian revolution but they must be an important ally of the proletarian revolution. With the change of capitalist mode of production and modem agricultural development, peasants will gradually collapse and eventually die out, but they are the force that proletariat revolution needs to win over. Marx＇s thought on the issue of peasant class has its own time and social background, and also has the trace of his personal experience. Marx does not view the peasants in the same perspective forever, and we should also see Marx＇s thought on the issue of peasant in the light of its development.