干旱区春小麦产量对沟垄参数和灌水技术的响应

Response of Spring Wheat Yield to Corrugation Parameters and Irrigation Techniques in Arid Areas

为了提高干旱区春小麦垄作沟灌的灌水质量,建立灌水技术参数优化模型,本试验研究了垄沟参数(垄坡、垄宽、沟深、沟宽)、灌水技术参数(沟长、沟坡、入沟流量)之间的组合对垄作沟灌小麦的生长指标、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:在其他参数不变的情况下,垄宽与小麦株高呈负增长的变化趋势;沟长50m、垄宽40cm、入沟流量1.0L/s、田面坡度1/500的参数组合的小麦在整个生育期内的总光合势最高,为0.018(m2·d)/m2,在其他参数不变的情况下,随着垄宽的增大,小麦在整个生育期的总光合势降低,沟长与小麦的总光合势呈负相关的关系;沟长50m、垄宽40cm、入沟流量1.5L/s、田面坡度1/1 000的参数组合的小麦产量最高,为9 142.87kg/hm2,同时水分利用效率亦最高为29.18kg/(hm2·mm),为试验区提出适宜的春小麦高产栽培管理技术。

In order to improve the water quality of spring wheat in arid areas under raised bed planting with furrow irrigation, optimization model for irrigation technical parameters was established. It was stUdied that the influences were made by the combination between corrugation parameters （ridge slope, ridge width, groove depth and groove width） and irrigation technical parameters（groove length, ditch slope, ditch inflow） to growth, yield and water use efficiency of raised bed planting wheat with furrow irrigation. The result indi- cated that with other parameters being constant, the ridge width showed a negative impact on growth of wheat height, during the whole growth stage, the parameter combination （groove length 50 m, ridge width 40 cm, water volume 1.0 L/s into the furrows, the field of slope 1/500 ） presented the greatest photosyn- thetic potential, which reached up to 0. 018 （m2· d）/m2. Under the unchangeable condition of other param- eters, with the ridge width increasing, the photosynthetic potential of wheat during the entire stages went down. And there existed the negative correlation between the ridge slope and the photosynthetic potential of wheat. The parameter combination （groove length 50 m, ridge width 40 cm, water volume 1.5 L/s into the furrows, the field of slope 1/1 000 ）, which adapts to the growth of spring wheat with ridge tillage and fur- row irrigation, is optimal. Under this condition, wheat yield is the highest, reaching to 9 142.87 kg/hm2, and the water use efficiency reaches the highest level simultaneously, which is 29.18 kg/（hm2 · mm）.