区域灌溉水利用效率测算分析

Measurement and Analysis of Irrigation Water Use Efficiency

在对内蒙古通辽市科尔沁左翼中旗水资源利用现状和农业灌区用水现状进行实际调查与分析的基础上,根据首尾测算分析法的计算原理,选择代表不同灌溉方式的典型样点灌区,开展相关的田间测试试验,分别用水量平衡法和田间测试法对典型样点灌区灌溉水利用效率进行客观、科学的计算,从而得出科尔沁左翼中旗灌溉水利用效率。通过测试与评估农业灌溉中不同类型田块及不同灌溉技术下的灌溉水有效利用系数,得出样点灌区主要灌溉方式低压管灌、喷灌和膜下滴灌的灌溉水利用系数分别为0.865,0.874,0.906。在2014年的水文气象条件、灌区灌溉系统状况以及灌区的管理等综合因素条件下,科尔沁左翼中旗的灌溉水有效利用系数为0.880。计算结果符合灌区实际情况,为进一步提高灌区灌溉水有效利用效率、更好的发展灌区节水灌溉提供决策依据。

On the basis of actual investigation and analysis of water resources utilization and agricultural irriga- tion water in the Keerqinzuoyizhong Banner of Tongliao City in Inner Mongolia, according to the principle of method of initial and ending calculation, then choosing some typical sample irrigation districts, which repre- sent the different form of irrigation and carry out the relevant field test, we calculate the irrigation water use efficiency of the typical sample irrigation objectively and scientifically with the method of water balance and field measurement, respectively, the utilization efficiency of irrigation water in Keerqinzuoyizhong Banner. Through the test and evaluation in agricultural irrigation of different types of field under different irrigation technology and irrigation water use coefficient, the main irrigation methods of sample irrigation districts are low pressure pipe irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation under plastic film, utilization coefficients of irrigation water are 0. 865, 0. 874 and 0. 906, respectively. Under the comprehensive factors of the hydro- logical and meteorological conditions, the irrigation system and irrigation management in 2014, the water use coefficient is 0. 880 in Keerqinzuoyizhong Banner. The calculation results are in accordance with the actual situation in the irrigation district in order to enhance the utilization efficiency of irrigation water better and develop water-saving irrigation district further, and offer the basis of decision.