基于PSR模型的喀斯特地区生态系统健康动态评价——以贵州省为例

Dynamic Evaluation of Ecosystem Health Based on PSR Model in Karst Areas——A Case Study of Guizhou Province

在生态重建的大背景下,生态环境问题成为各界关注的焦点问题。贵州省生态环境敏感,石漠化广布,水土流失严重,客观的生态系统评价的必要性日益突出。以贵州省为例,结合GIS、RS技术,采用压力—状态—响应模型(PSR)指标体系法,对贵州省2000—2010年生态系统健康进行评价,得到贵州省生态系统健康等级分布状况及时空变化特征。评价结果表明:(1)贵州省生态系统健康水平基本处于Ⅲ和Ⅳ等级;(2)十年间生态系统健康状况略微好转,主要由Ⅲ级向相邻等级变化,其他等级间的转化较少;(3)地州市一级,生态健康平均水平最高的是黔东南州,最低的是毕节市,县市一级,生态状况最好的是赤水市,最差的是南明区;(4)引起生态系统健康变化的主要因素有人口、城市化、自然因素和产业配比。根据评价结果,提出重点保护东南部加强整治西北部,并建立区域性的分级生态管理体制的建议。

Under the background of the ecological reconstruction, the ecological problems become the focus of all walks of life. Owing to the sensitive ecoenvironment of Guizhou Province,the wide rocky desertification distribution and serious soil erosion, the necessity of the objective evaluation of ecological system is becoming more and more increasingly prominent. Taking Guizhou Province as the case study, using the index system method of pressure state response （PSR） model and combining GIS and RS technology, we evaluated ecosystem health of Guizhou in the period from 2000 to 2010 and analyzed the spatial and temporal variation characteristics. The results showed that： （1） the health level of ecological system in Guizhou Province was basically in theⅢ and IV grade; （2） ecosystem health had gotten slightly better in the ten years, mainly changed from the level Ⅲ to the adjacent level, other classes transformed less; （3） at the prefecture level and city level, the highest average level of ecological health is found in southeast state of Guizhou, the lowest one is found in Bijie City; at the county-level and city level, the ecological condition of Chishui City is the best, and Nanming district is the worst one; （4） the main factors causing the ecosystem health change are population, urbanization, natural factors and industrial ratio. Furthermore, according to the evaluation results, corresponding counter- measures are put forward to protect southeast and strengthen punish northwest, and establish regional grading ecological management system.