染色体消失法诱导单倍体在小麦遗传育种中的应用

Application of Chromosome Disappearance in the Induction of Haploid in Wheat Genetics and Breeding

染色体消失法诱导单倍体是创制DH系的一种新方法,通过亲本一方的染色体在合子期发生快速丢失而获得单倍体。小麦与玉米远缘杂交,玉米染色体完全消失获得小麦单倍体胚,经过胚拯救及染色体加倍的技术能快速得到性状稳定的纯系,这种方法已成为小麦单倍体育种的一种重要的途径。综述了染色体消失法获得单倍体的机制及其在小麦×玉米创制小麦单倍体中的应用,旨在为普通小麦规模化DH系创制提供技术支撑。

Haploid induction by chromosomes elimination is a novel way to obtain DH lines, and the mechanism underlying haploid formation is elimination of parent chromosomes quickly and completely during the heterozygote development. Using wheat hybrids as female parent and maize were made, and haploid embryos were obtained due to the chromosomes elimination of maize, and the stable pure lines（DH lines） from wheat hybrids were obtained with the aid of embryo culture and chromosomes doubling, which has become an important method of wheat haploid breeding. The research progress on the mechanism of haploid induction by chromosomes elimination and doubled haploid technology used in wheat × maize, which will provide with reliable technical supports for a large-scale breeding application to DH lines.