“撤点并校”政策的演变轨迹、主导逻辑及优化机制

Evolvement,Leading Logic and Optimizing System of Policy on Adjusting Rural Primary and Middle Schools

"撤点并校"政策是由中央提出的一项旨在扩大农村中小学学校规模、优化教育资源配置的教育改革举措,而地方政府的过度撤并导致中国教育出现"城挤、乡弱、村空"危局。依时间维度追溯,"撤点并校"政策经历了政策图景确立、决策者注意力改变及制度性摩擦等关键节点,该政策暗含三组主导逻辑,即公平与效率、行政权力与公民权利、公众参与与精英决策,而每组逻辑天平均有程度不一的失衡。因此,需要果断终结地方政府的撤并决策及行为,审慎界定农村教育功能,在此基础上通过与村民广泛协商以确定布局调整方案,并从制度设计上完善绩效评估体系,否则农村教育危局难解。

Policy on adjusting rural primary and middle schools raised by the central government aims at enlarging education scope and optimizing education resources,whereas,due to obsessive policy implementation by local governments,it has brought about crisis to Chinese education,i.e.,congested in cities,weak in towns and hollow in villages.Chronologically,the policy experiences three key stages,namely,establishing policy images,policymakers changing their focuses and institutional friction.Further exploration reveals that this policy includes three pairs of logic behind,namely equity vs.efficiency,administrative power vs.civil rights,public participation vs.elite decision,and they all,to a certain degree,are unbalanced.Therefore,it is of great importance to terminate local government＇decision and action,and at the same time seriously define the functions of rural education.On this basis,it is necessary to widely consult with villagers to readjust the scheme and improve performance appraising system,otherwise the crisis of education would remain unsettled.