“新都”抑或“旧城”:抗战时期重庆的城市形象

A New Capital or An Old One:the City Image of Chongqing during the Anti-Japanese War

重庆在抗战时期被建构成战时的陪都。这一建构过程实则包含着两种都市想象的抗衡,即:沿海现代化都市的想象与四川军阀防区体制下的内地旧有都会的生态。伴随国民政府移驻重庆,两种都市想象的对立在某种意义上形成一种中央与地方、外来精英与当地人之间的冲突或摩擦。一方面,中央政府与外来精英成为陪都现代性话语建构的当然主导者,有关重庆的新与旧之争并不对等;另一方面,长达五年半的日机轰炸以及地方精英都市意识的成长,又使抗战陪都的形象呈现出不同的阶段性与特质。这一关涉战争与城市变迁的主题,也为战争对后方城市的民族国家之建构提供了重要案例。

Chongqing was constructed as the wartime capital during the anti-Japanese war.In fact,the constructing process was the competition of two city imaginations,namely：the image of coastal modern city and the image of the old city under the controlling of Sichuan warlords.After the moving of the Nationalist government to Chongqing,the competition turned into the conflicts between central and local government,elites from outsides and local people.On the one hand,as the central government and the elites from outsides were the absolute handlers of the wartime urban modernity,it was an unequal competition.On the other hand,the Japanese bombing in the past 5and half years and the forming of urban identity of local elites provide the wartime capital image with different characteristics.It is a topic related to the war and city changes,while it would provide important cases for the further research on the war and the forming of the national identity of hinterland cities.