风险环境下企业信息系统项目控制对绩效的影响机制研究:基于项目经理和用户代表的双重视角

The Impact of Control on Performance of Enterprise Information Technology Project in the Risk Environment:The View from Project Managers and User Liaisons

虽然当前项目管理水平不断提高,但是企业信息系统项目实施的成功率仍然不容乐观。项目干系人缺乏准确的相互认知和角色定位,以及风险与控制的关系无法有效处理是导致项目绩效偏低的重要原因。为了从不同视角探索风险和控制对企业信息系统项目绩效的共同作用,通过对65位项目经理和63位用户代表所经历的128个项目的调查,利用结构方程模型进行实证分析,并采用层次回归分析技术进行检验。实证结果表明,正式控制和非正式控制对信息系统项目绩效都具有积极的影响,但是项目经理认为正式控制具有更加重要的作用,而用户代表认为非正式控制的作用更为显著。此外,项目经理和用户代表均认为组织风险和技术风险会减弱正式和非正式控制对绩效的有效作用。因此在控制方式的选择和组合上不仅要基于项目自身的特点,而且要基于干系人的角色。同时,信息系统项目绩效并非单纯由成功或失败因素所决定,而是取决于两类因素的均衡程度。研究结论为信息系统项目的风险控制提供了全新的理论依据和决策支持。

Although project management ability is improved continuously,the success rate of enterprise information systems project is still pessimistic.Lack of roles orientation and mutual understanding,and lack of effective risk control mechanisms are the key factors that negatively influence project performance.In order to explore the joint effect of risk and control on information systems project performance from different perspectives,65 project managers and 63 user liaisons from 128 projects are investigated.Furthermore,empirical analysis is conducted by using structural equation model.Hypotheses are tested by employing hierarchical regression analysis.The results show that both formal and informal controls positively affected project performance.However,formal control is more effective for project managers,while informal control is more effective for user liaisons.In addition,organization risk and technology risk suppress the effect of formal and informal controls on performance from the perspectives of both project managers and user liaisons.Therefore,the choice of control should not only be based on the characteristics of projects,but also on the role of stakeholders.Moreover,the project performance not only depends on success or failure factors,also on their balance.The research results provide a new conceptual framework and decision-making support for controlling risks in information systems projects.