经济发展、城市化与人口空间分布——基于北京、东京和多伦多的比较分析

Economic Development,Urbanization and the Spatial Distribution of Population

随着我国城市化进程的快速推进,大城市数量不断增加,城市人口空间结构问题凸显。本文在京津冀城市群的视角下验证了区域经济重心与人口重心之间的相关性及人口重心转移的滞后性,并运用洛伦茨曲线对北京市人口空间均衡度和集中度进行测量,探讨了其全局和局部的人口空间关联模式,即人口空间分布不均衡性加剧,流动人口强聚集圈层、弱聚集圈层、中间过渡圈层的分布特征明显。最后,结合东京都市圈和多伦多大都市区人口空间模式的历史演变,提出不同发展阶段下城市人口空间结构由线性到非线性、由"倒U型"向"M型"双峰曲线转变的特点,明确了30公里圈对大城市人口分布的重要作用。

With the rapid progress of China＇s urbanization, a growing number of cities is increasing and the problem of spatial structure of urban population is addressed seriously. From the perspective of the cooperative development of the Jing-Jin-Ji regions, this paper verifies the relation between the shift of economic center within regions and population distribution, measures the spatial equilibration and concentration of Beijing＇s population by Lorenz curve and discusses respectively the correlative spatial mode of overall and local population. In the end in the light of the population spatial mode of Tokyo Metropolis Circle and Toronto metropolitan area, this paper illustrates some characteristics of spatial distribution of urban population that present the change from the linear distribution into nonlinear distribution and the one from the inverted U-shaped bimodal curve into M-shaped bimodal curve in the different stages of urbanization and economic development. It also affirms clearly the important significance of 30-km ring for large urban population distribution.