孟子《尚书》学研究刍议

Researches of Mencius' Book of History

《尚书》作为上古政教之书,是礼乐教化的重要载体,孔子以之为政治教科书。孟子私淑孔子,其学派实即孔门一系,因此孟子在战国之际的复杂社会环境中征引《书》篇内容为己说论证,其诸多思想源于《尚书》,如民本思想、仁政思想等。《书》序的编纂与《孟子》援引《书》篇的行文方式相似,断定《书》序非孔子所作。借助《孟子》引《书》情况,可以窥探战国时期《书》学的传播与流变,亦有助于推动研究战国《书》教传统。

As a book of political education in ancient times, Book of History was an important carrier of etiquette and music enlightenment, and was regarded by Confucius as a textbook for political education. Mencius was an admirer of Confucius and Mencius school was in fact a branch of Confucian. Therefore, in the complicated social environment in the Warring States, Mencius cited from Book for his own theory, and most of his thought came from Book of History, such as the thought of regarding people as the foundation and policy of benevolence, etc. The compiling of the preface to Book was similar in writing style to Mencius' citation from Book. Therefore, it can be concluded that the preface to Book was not written by Confucius. From the citation of Mencius, we can pry the dissemination and developmental changes, which will help promote the researches of the tradition of Book in the Warring States.