中国部分地区70岁以上老年人体力活动与健康状况的调查

Survey of physical activity and health among Chinese senior citizens over 70 years old

目的调查我国≥70岁老年人体力活动的特征，分析体力活动与健康的关系。方法2014年3—9月在我国东北、华东地区及中部和西部5个省份的7个城市，采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法，抽取了1960名／〉70岁老年人进行体力活动和健康状况调查，剔除缺失样本后，最终纳入1420名。通过体力活动问卷和简版生活质量量表（SF．12量表）获取研究对象每次活动的时间、强度、频率以及健康状况得分。采用两独立样本均数t检验、方差分析对不同性别、年龄组调查对象的健康得分进行分析；采用x2检验对不同体力活动组调查对象的健康状况进行比较。结果老年人活动的时长主要为0．5～1．0h／次（42．5％，604／1420），强度主要为中小强度／次（41．6％，591／1420），频率主要为6～7次／周（79．2％，1125／1420）。老年人总体健康得分为（63．7±15．1）分，其中男性健康得分为（67．3±14．8）分，高于女性[（60．1±17．8）分]（t=8．31，P〈O．001）；70～74岁组健康得分为（69．5±14．6）分，高于80～84和≥85岁组[（62．1±17．0）、（57．3±17．9）分1（t值分别为2．53、3．02，P值均〈0．001）；75～79岁组健康得分为（66．0±16．9）分，高于≥85岁组[（57．3±17．9）分]（t=2．47，P〈O．001）。老年人总体健康检出率为64．8％（920／1420），其中高、中体力活动组健康检出率分别69．8％（268／384）、66．8％（436／653），均高于低体力活动组（56．4％，216／383）（x2值分别为14．78、11．13，P值均〈0．001）。结论老年人的体力活动特征为多频率、短时间、中小强度；随着年龄增长，健康状况在下降，其中男性好于女性；中、高体力活动对健康具有保护效益。

Objective To investigate characteristics of physical activities among Chinese senior citizens over 70 years old, and analyze the relationship between physical activities and health. Methods Using multistage stratified sampling method, 1 960 senior citizens over 70 years old were included in the investigation from 7 cities of 5 provinces in the northeast, east, center and west of China from March to September 2014. After removing missing samples, 1 420 samples were kept. Time duration, intensity, frequency and physical condition scores of each physical activities were obtained by using a questionnaire of physical activities and a simplified version of life quality scale （SF-12 scale）. Physical condition scores of different groups with different genders and ages were analyzed by using t-test of two independent samples ; and physical conditions of different physical activities were compared by X2-test. Results Senior citizens did physical activities 6-7 times per week （79.2%, 1 125/1 420） with low and moderate intensity （41.6%, 591/1 420） for 0.5 - 1.0 hour per time （42.5%, 604/1 420）. Total scores of senior citizen were （63.7±15.1）, and health scores of men （67.3±14.8） were higher than those in women （60.1±17.8） （t=8.31,P〈0.001）. Health scores for the group with the age of 70-74 （69.5±14.6） were higher than those in the group of 80 - 84 and the group 〉/85（62.1±17.0, 57.3±17.9） （F were 2.53 and 3.02,respectively, P〈0.001）. Health scores for the group with the age of 75-79 （66.0± 16.9） were higher than those in the group ≥85 （57.3± 17.9） （F=2.47, P〈0.001）. Total detection rates of senior citizen were （64.8%, 920/1 420）, health detection rates for the groups with higher and medium physical activities （69.8%,268/384） and （66.8%, 436/653） were both higher than those in the low group （56.4%,216/383） （X2 were 14.78 and 11.13, respectively, P〈0.001）. Conclusion Senior citizens have physical activities quite frequently with low and medium intensity for a short time period. Health condition declines with age increases; physical health situations are better for men than those for women. Medium and high physical activities do good to health for senior citizens.