摘要
目的 了解城市失能老人家庭照顾者获得的社会支持状况及相关影响因素,以及其社会支持需求情况.方法 2013年5-6月采用便利抽样对北京市东城区安德路社区、民安社区、和平里社区、东四社区和东花市社区失能老人及其家庭照顾者各779名进行调查.采用Barthel指数评价被照顾老人的失能情况,以Zung抑郁自评量表(SDS)调查照顾者的抑郁状况,应用社会支持评定量表(SSRS)以及自制的照顾者社会支持需求问卷了解照顾者获得的社会支持状况以及社会支持需求情况,并采用多重线性回归分析其社会支持的影响因素.结果 共发放问卷779份,回收有效问卷744份(95.5%).744名失能老人家庭照顾者社会支持总分平均为(31.16 ±6.86)分,处于较低水平.不同年龄段(χ^2=12.17)、婚姻状况(χ^2=19.75)、Barthel指数得分(χ^2=23.03)的失能老人,其照顾者低社会支持检出率比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05).不同年龄段(χ^2=31.75)、受教育程度(χ^2=9.73)、婚姻状况(χ^2=8.08)、工作情况(χ^2=26.10)、与失能老人关系(χ^2=52.78)、每日照顾时间(χ^2=13.21)、自我感觉负担程度(χ^2=55.79)以及是否与老人同住(χ^2=13.08)、是否有人协助照顾(χ^2=10.68)、是否存在抑郁情况(χ^2=56.44)的照顾者,其低社会支持检出率比较差异有统计学意义(均P <0.05).多重线性回归分析显示失能老人Barthel指数得分、照顾者与老人的关系、照顾者抑郁情绪以及自我感觉照顾负担情况是影响家庭照顾者获得社会支持水平的重要因素(均P<0.05),标准化偏回归系数分别为0.098、0.190、0.134、0.155.家庭照顾者的社会支持需求评分平均为(2.44±0.64)分,其需求多样,排名前3位的是:为失能老人提供根据失能程度不同的照顾补贴[(2.95 ±0.93)分]、为失能老人家庭照顾者提供照顾补助[(2.90 ±0.93)分]、家庭安全用药指导[(2.83±0.83)分].结论 城市失能老人照顾者在照顾老人过程中获得的社会支持较低,其社会支持需求是多方面的.应为照顾者提供具体的、有效的、全面的支持和帮助,以提高其身心健康水平.
Objective To survey the social support status and demands for family caregivers of the disabled elderly.Methods A cross-sectional survey based on convenience sampling was conducted among 779 disabled elderly and their family caregivers from May to June 2013 in five communities of Beijing Dongcheng District.Barthel index was used to measure the degree of functional impairment of the elderly.Self-rating Depression Scales (SDS) was used to evaluate depression symptoms of caregivers.Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and social support demand questionnaire were used to measure the social support status and social support demands of caregivers,respectively.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influence factors of social support.Results Total 779 caregivers were identified and 744 caregivers completed the questionnaires with a valid response rate of 95.5%.Among 744 family caregivers the social support levels were low with an average SSRS score of 31.16 ± 6.86.There were significant differences in SSRS scores among caregivers of disabled elderly with different characteristics (age,married status and the Barthel index score) (all P 〈 0.05);and there were significant differences in SSRS scores among caregivers with different characteristics (age,educational level,married status,current employment,relationship with patients,caregiving time daily,subjective care burden,living with patients,number of caregivers and depression status) (all P 〈 0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the Barthel index score of the disabled elderly,the relationship with the elderly,depression status of the caregivers and the subjective care burden were correlated with the social support level of family caregivers (all P 〈0.05);the standard regression coefficients of above significant factors were 0.098,0.190,0.134 and 0.155,respectively.The social support demands of family caregivers were various;the average score was 2.44 ± 0.64,the top three demands were provision of care subsidy for the disabled elderly (average score was 2.95 ± 0.93),provision of care allowance for family caregivers (average score was 2.90 ± 0.93) and the guidance of safe medication (average score was 2.83 ± 0.83).Conclusions Family caregivers for the disabled elderly obtain low level social support in the surveyed area.Since the earegivers have various social support demands,the social support and assistance for them should be specific,effective and comprehensive.
出处
《中华全科医师杂志》
2015年第11期838-843,共6页
Chinese Journal of General Practitioners
基金
国家社会科学基金(12BSH080)
关键词
社会支持
问卷调查
失能老人
家庭照顾者
Social support
Questionnaires
Disabled elderly
Family caregivers