榕树与高山榕气生根的比较鉴别

Comparative Identification of Aerial Roots of Ficus microcarpa Linn. f. and Ficus altissima Bl.

【目的】为区分榕树(Ficus microcarpa Linn.f.)和高山榕(F.altissima Bl.)气生根提供参考依据。【方法】采集新鲜榕树和高山榕的气生根作为样品,采用体视镜进行外观形态鉴别;采用显微镜对2种植物气生根根被表面、根尖横切面、根尖后部横切面以及粉末进行显微鉴别。【结果】外观形态鉴别:榕树气生根数目多于高山榕,直径小于高山榕;根尖及根尖后部横切面:初生木质部束不同,榕树为五至七原型,高山榕为七至十原型;粉末:榕树粉末为黄棕色,高山榕粉末为红棕色,高山榕纤维更多,直径更大,有簇晶排列成行。【结论】上述特征可较好地鉴别榕树和高山榕气生根,将为2种药材的鉴别及临床用药提供安全可靠的科学依据。

Objective To find out evidence for the identification of the aerial roots of Ficus microcarpa Linn. f.and F. altissima Bl.. Methods The fresh aerial roots of the two kinds of plants were collected. The appearance traits were observed by stereoscopy. The velamen surface, cross section of root tip, cross section of the posterior root and powder of two kinds of aerial roots were observed under microscope. Results The number of aerial roots of F. microcarpa Linn. f. was more than that of F. altissima Bl., while the diameter was less than that of F.altissima Bl.. Differences were shown in primary xylems of the transverse section of root tip and posterior root of the two kinds of aerial roots, there were 5-7 vascular bundles in F. microcarpa Linn. f. and 7-10 vascular bundles in F. altissima Bl.. As for the powder, the powder of F. microcarpa Linn. f. was yellowish brown, while that of F. altissima Bl. was reddish brown; F. altissima Bl. had more fibers and longer diameter than F.microcarpa Linn. f. and had cluster crystals in order. Conclusion The appearance and microstructure features showed by the results can be used to distinguish the aerial roots of F. microcarpa Linn. f. and F. altissima Bl..