清末民初师范生培养模式的历史考察与启示

A Historical Study and Inspiration of the Normal Students Training Modes in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China

清末民初(1897-1922)是我国师范生培养模式的初创和发展阶段。本文以时间为序,将此期间的师范生培养模式划分为早期萌芽、正式确立和稳步发展三个阶段。通过考察每个阶段的培养机构、培养目标、培养方式和制度保障得出以下结论:设置独立的师范生培养机构,实行师范生免费教育政策,开展高质量的教育实习和建立稳定的大学与中小学合作关系,是保证师范生培养质量和确保其从事教师职业的关键因素。

It is a start-up and development stage for normal students in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic （1897-1922） in China.In this period,according to the time order,the normal students training modes could be divided into three stages： rudimentary stage,formal establishment and steady progress.Through studying the training institution,the training objective,the training modes and the system guarantee at each stage,a conclusion is drawn that the key factors for guaranteeing the cultivated quality of normal college students and engaging in the teaching,includes setting up the independent normal training institutions,implementing the policy of free normal education,launching the high quality educational practice and establishing the stable cooperative relations between universities and primary or secondary schools.