对大叶种矮化密植茶园放养后茶叶品质变化分析

Analysis of Tea Quality Change of Dwarf Close Planting Big-leaf Variety after Stocking

从矮化密植放养半年、放养4年与常规生产茶叶感官品质、品质成分改变程度分析,认为常规生产茶树经过放养处理茶叶的感官品质都有提高,品质成分变化的共同点是咖啡碱含量明显增长。覆荫树下放养半年及放养4年处理的感官特征是口腔内苦涩能退化干净,其品质成分变化特点除咖啡碱明显增长之外,EGC、C也有明显增长;而没有生态覆荫处理的2个对照叶底,都呈现压重易烂的特征;放养4年处理茶叶,感官品质味浓协调,品质成分除了咖啡碱、EGC、C明显增长外,EC、ECG、儿茶素总量也在明显增加,品质大幅提高的原因是因为茶树高至2~4 m,初具林地生态环境特点,改善了茶叶萌发的光、温、湿小环境;从云南大叶种茶树发源于亚热带原始森林中下层,具有植物学耐荫性的特性出发,建议在部分区域将大叶种茶园发展成林-茶产业,或者将大叶种茶树作为林产业发展的下木树种与林产业共发展,构造云南＂茶在林中,林中有茶＂林-茶产业发展的模式,提升云南茶产业竞争力,提高云南林业的生态和社会效益功能,实现经济发展与生态环境的良性平衡。

To analyze the sensory quality and the quality composition change of half a year and 4 years of stocking production tea garden,the sensory quality of stocking was improved,and in the quality composition changes,the caffeine content increased obviously. The sensory characteristics of tea trees stocking under shadow trees for half a year and four years was bitter in the mouth and could disappear cleanly,in addition to the caffeine increased obviously,EGC and C also had an obvious growth; to contrast the two group without ecological shadow,tea leaves presented easily rotten when pressing them hard. After stocking 4 years,the tea trees＇ height were 2 to 4 m and formed the characteristics of ecological forest environment which improved the light,temperature and humidity environment,and the sensory quality was strong and coordination. In addition to caffeine,EGC and C increased obviously,EC,ECG and total catechins were also increased significantly.Stocking could improve the small environment of production tea garden and improve the tea quality of regular tea garden; Yunnan big-leaf variety tea trees originated in the lower-middle-class of subtropical forests,and had botany shade tolerance,it was suggested that forest-tea industry should be developed in the area of big-leaf tea plantations,or tea trees should be developed as the low-class wood species with the forests,and the mode of‘tea trees in the forest and the forest has tea trees＇ constructed to improve Yunnan tea industry competitiveness and the ecological and social benefits,and realize the benign balance between economic development and ecological environment.