稻田稗属杂草对乙酰乳酸合酶抑制剂类和合成激素类除草剂的敏感差异性

Differential Susceptibility of Echinochloa Species in Paddy Fields to ALS-inhibiting and Synthetic Auxin Herbicides

稗草是我国稻田中发生及危害最严重的恶性杂草之一。为明确稗属不同种对稻田茎叶处理剂的敏感性差异,采用整株生物测定法分别比较了8个不同稗草种对乙酰乳酸合酶抑制剂类除草剂(五氟磺草胺和双草醚)和二氯喹啉酸的敏感性水平。基于药后稗草残存植株干重的GR50值进行聚类分析。结果表明,喷施五氟磺草胺后,西来稗为相对不敏感种,无芒稗、孔雀稗、稗和光头稗为相对较敏感的稗草种,硬稃稗、长芒稗和短芒稗为相对敏感种;喷施双草醚后,短芒稗为相对不敏感稗草种,稗和光头稗为相对较敏感稗草种,西来稗、孔雀稗、无芒稗、硬稃稗和长芒稗为相对敏感稗草种;喷施二氯喹啉酸后,西来稗为相对不敏感稗草种,无芒稗、稗、短芒稗和光头稗为相对较敏感稗草种,硬稃稗、孔雀稗和长芒稗为相对敏感稗草种。随着除草剂处理剂量的增加,这8种稗草种植株内的丙二醛含量也随之增加,而超氧化物歧化酶活性却逐渐降低。同相对不敏感稗草种相比,敏感稗草种植株内丙二醛含量高,超氧化物酶活性低。因此,植株内相对较高的超氧化物歧化酶活性和较低的丙二醛含量可能是不敏感稗草对这3种除草剂耐药性较强的重要原因之一。

Barnyardgrass（ Echinochloa spp.） is one of the major malignant weeds which occur most popularly in paddy rice fields of China.In order to evaluate susceptibility differences of various species of Echinochloa to foliar-applied herbicides,the experiments were conducted to reveal the susceptibility of 8 Echinochloa species to ALS-inhibiting herbicides（ penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium） and quinclorac using whole-plant bioassay. Their GR50 values in dry matter of the remaining seedlings with cluster analysis were studied. The result showed that as for penoxsulam,Echinochloa crusgalli（ L.） Beauv var. zelayensis（ H. B. K） Hitche was the least susceptible species,Echinochloa crusgalli var. mitis,Echinochloa cruspavonis（ H. B. K） Schult,Echinochloa crusgalli（ L.） Beavu. and Echinochloa. colonum（ Linn.） Link were the less susceptible species,Echinochloa glabrescens Munro ex Hook. F.,Echinochloa caudata Rochev. and Echinochloa crusgalli（ L.） Beauv. var. breviseta（ Doell） Neilr. were the susceptible species; As for bispyribac-sodium,Echinochloa crusgalli（ L.） Beauv.var. breviseta（ Doell） Neilr. was the least susceptible species,Echinochloa crusgalli（ L.） Beavu. and Echinochloa. colonum（ Linn.）Link were the less susceptible species,Echinochloa crusgalli（ L.） Beauv var. zelayensis（ H. B. K） Hitche,Echinochloa cruspavonis（ H.B. K） Schult,Echinochloa crusgalli var. mitis,Echinochloa glabrescens Munro ex Hook. F. and Echinochloa caudata Rochev. were the susceptible species; As for quinclorac,Echinochloa crusgalli（ L.） Beauv var. zelayensis（ H. B. K） Hitche was the least susceptible species,Echinochloa crusgalli var. mitis,Echinochloa crusgalli（ L.） Beavu.,Echinochloa crusgalli（ L.） Beauv. var. breviseta（ Doell） Neilr. and Echinochloa. colonum（ Linn.） Link were the less susceptible species,Echinochloa glabrescens Munro ex Hook. F., Echinochloa cruspavonis（ H. B. K） Schult and Echinochloa caudata Rochev. were the susceptible species. Moreover further biochemistry studies showedthat the contents of malondialdehyde（ MDA） of eight species were increased,and the activities of superoxide dismutase（ SOD） were reduced with the increase of treatment dose of herbicides. Compared with the relative insusceptible species,the susceptible species had higher contents in MDA and lower activities of SOD. Therefore,the results indicated that the relative higher activities of SOD and lowercontents of MDA in insusceptible species might be one of the most important reasons for tolerance to the three types of herbicides.